Industrial heritage as creative space: a case study of the Banja Luka Tobacco Factory

Abstract

Between the late 18th century and the early 20th century, industry changed the structure of European cities. The facilities and infrastructure built during the Industrial Revolution transformed cities and became centers of innovation and knowledge. The urban structure of cities at that time was greatly influenced by the construction of factory complexes, whose dimensions made them the dominant structures in their local areas. The purpose of the renewal of industrial buildings is to preserve the urban structure and development stages, and through regeneration and transformation, these facilities are adapted for attractive contemporary reuses. Industrial heritage testifies to the continuous urban, cultural and social development of cities, which makes their preservation and reuse very appropriate. This paper explores the possibility of adaptive reuse of the Banja Luka Tobacco Factory and the use of industrial heritage for the needs of modern-day urban life. The Banja Luka Tobacco Factory was built at the end of the 19th century, during the Austro-Hungarian period. This factory complex was erected along the city thoroughfare known as the Imperial Road, which connects its northern and southern parts. Elegant residential, sacred, and commercial buildings were erected along this major road; today, they keep urban memory alive. The Tobacco Factory ceased operation in 2018 and it has not been used since. The complex is listed as cultural heritage of special architectural and historical importance. Banja Luka lacks the space needed for infrastructure to help the development of creative industries. Ideas have been put forward to adapt the facilities of the Tobacco Factory to be reused for the culture industry and art. By reviving the complex of the factory, the city could get new space for culture and strengthen the residents' ties with the local cultural heritage.