KONEKTOR bioskop na otvorenom [Prva nagrada]

Abstract

Projekat privremene revitalizacije centralnog gradskog prostora u Kragujevcu kroz privremenu instalaciju je nagrađeni konkursni projekat, realizovan u toku manifestacije Dani Kragujevca tokom maja 2018. godine. Projekat montažnog bioskopa na otvorenom je nastao kao rezultat istraživanja fokusiranog na razumevanju kompleksnosti i suprotnosti u fragmentaciji nekadašnjeg monumentalnog centralnog trga – Prodora. Centralni potez projektovan je tokom 1958-1970. od strane Jovanke Jevtanović, jedne od prvih žena na važnoj poziciji u profesiji u to vreme. Kroz morfološku, prostornu I vremensku analizu transformacija Prodora uočeni su određeni aspekti: rušenje istorijskog centra kao rezultat centralizovane planerske prakse socijalizma, izgradnja robne kuće Beograđanka kao simbola društvene i kulturne modernosti i post-socijalistička fragmentacija i prisvajanje javnog prostora, koje se nastavlja do danas, ne samo u Kragujevcu, već I u drugim manjim i srednjim gradovima Srbije. Jedini put kada je prostor Prodora korišćen u razmeri u kojoj je i projektovan bio je tokom svečane manifestacije u čast posete predsednika Josipa Broza Tita 1978.godine. Fragmentacija zelenog prostora počela je sa izgradnjom robne kuće, da bi se nastavila tokom devedesetih izgradnjm privremenih objekata, kafića, kioska, prodajnih tezgi i velikog parkinga.

Projektom KONEKTOR – BIOSKOP NA OTVORENOM teži se prepoznavanju specifičnih aspekata lokacije, pokušavajući da kroz intervenciju ponovo aktuelizuje pitanje kolektivnog u prostoru. Prodor se posmatra kao urbana situacija čije je arhitektonsko i simboličko značenje neophodno za razumevanje šireg konteksta. Ideja umetanja lake montažne structure zida između parkinga I preostale zelene površine sa sobom nosi ideju o fragmentaciji i okupiranja, kao načina za odbranu kolektivnog. Zamišljeno je da se dve strane zida koriste programski različito u toku dana i noći, kao bioskop na otvorenom I vertikalna bašta sa piknik zonom. Na taj način struktura privremeno oživljava fragment javnog prostora Kragujevca kao zonu rekreacije i kulture dostupnu različitim grupama korisnika. Iako je originalni koncept predvideo transformaciju parkinga, zbog finansijskih razloga i kratkog roka obuhvat intervencije je smanjen i usmeren na uređenje zelene zone. Bioskop na otvorenom izabran je kao program koji nudi uključivanje drugog medija – filma, te je u svrhu otvaranje instalacije izabran film iz 1961. “Prvi građanin male varoši”. Film tematski prati graditeljsku praksu u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji i romantizaciju rušenja istorijskog centra jednog malog grada. Na otvaranju instalacija Konektor je izazvala interesovanje velikog broja građana i njihovo spontano okupljanje, reanimirajuću prostor iznova. Dalja diskusija o temi značaja rekocenptualizacije javnih prostora u post-socijalističkim gradovima u kontekstu savremenog planiranja i projektovanja održala se u okviru manifestacije Dani arhitekture, organizovane od strane inicijative Urbanijum.

The presented project for temporary revitalization of the central city square in Kragujevac (Serbia) was a winning proposal on the design competition organized and built during the Days of architecture in 2018. The project preceded the research, which focused on the understanding of the complexity and contradictions following the fragmentation of once monumental socialist square. The city center of Kragujevac had been built between 1958 and 1970, by the prominent architect Jovanka Jevtanović, which was one of the first female figures in the professional field at the time. During the socialism, the space of Prodor was even used for public manifestation organized to honor the visit of the president Josip Broz Tito. Through the analysis of urban morphology of the Prodor (Breakthrough - local name for the city center), and its transformation throughout history, specific aspects were recognized: the destruction of the historic center as a results of the centralized planning practice of socialism, building the department store as a representation of social and cultural modernity, and post-socialist fragmentation and illegal appropriation of public space, which has been continuing to the present, not only in Kragujevac, but also in many smaller cities and towns in Serbia. The project CONNECTOR – OPEN AIR CINEMA seeks to recognize specific aspects of the site and put the current way of using the public space in favor of the idea of a collective and to contribute to the creation of the network among the current use of this central public space. Prodor is regarded as an urban situation in which architectural and symbolic meanings are important for the wider understanding of the general context. By setting of a lightweight structure of the scaffolding wall between the parking and the green surface the installation defends the remaining unoccupied public space. The structural wall is used for an open-air cinema during the night, and the vertical garden with picnic area during the day. In the context of Kragujevac, the structure revives the central public space as a recreational, cultural and leisure zone open for the vast majority of users. Even though the initial design proposed a transformation of the parking lot into the car cinema, the tight budget and short time had us to reconsider the smaller scale intervention. On the opening night, the 1961 Yugoslavian movie The First Citizen of The Small Town was screened, thematically following the history of centralized planning of the city centers in socialism. Upon its setting up, not only did Connecter caused an interest among locals, but it was also recognized by the professionals in the field of urban planning and architecture. The importance of the reconceptualization of the current urban design practices was further discussed during the event Days of Architecture, which was organized by the Urbanium initiative.