TY  - CHAP
AU  - Gaman, Marius
AU  - Balizs, Daniel
AU  - Stober, Dina
AU  - Djukic, Aleksandra
AU  - Yordanova, Mariana
AU  - Stan, Angelica
AU  - Manea, Sorin
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2208
AB  - MANY CITIES ALONG THE DANUBE RIVER are shrinking cities, which is also
becoming a common pattern across Eastern and Central Europe. Of several
possible reasons, e.g., low accessibility, the pull of nearby larger cities and low birth
rates, the most important one is the deindustrialisation after the fall of communist
systems, which led to the decrease of jobs and a mass migration (Hospers, 2014).
The population decrease led to the degradation or disappearance of several public
services and later the abandonment or underuse of buildings or large city areas
(Păun Constantinescu, 2019).
Considering the current condition of shrinking
cities, it could be concluded that this method is
no longer feasible, and it should be substituted
with a ‘tabula plena’ approach (Roberts, 2016).
Such an intervention implies the reuse of urban
areas, re-building, recycling, regenerating
brownfields and restoring local built heritage
(Fig. 45_01). The local identity should be a cornerstone
to all interventions, in most cases the
Danube being a key feature.
PB  - Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet
T2  - D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]
T1  - Designing Shrinking Danubian Cities
SP  - 184
EP  - 195
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Gaman, Marius and Balizs, Daniel and Stober, Dina and Djukic, Aleksandra and Yordanova, Mariana and Stan, Angelica and Manea, Sorin",
year = "2022",
abstract = "MANY CITIES ALONG THE DANUBE RIVER are shrinking cities, which is also
becoming a common pattern across Eastern and Central Europe. Of several
possible reasons, e.g., low accessibility, the pull of nearby larger cities and low birth
rates, the most important one is the deindustrialisation after the fall of communist
systems, which led to the decrease of jobs and a mass migration (Hospers, 2014).
The population decrease led to the degradation or disappearance of several public
services and later the abandonment or underuse of buildings or large city areas
(Păun Constantinescu, 2019).
Considering the current condition of shrinking
cities, it could be concluded that this method is
no longer feasible, and it should be substituted
with a ‘tabula plena’ approach (Roberts, 2016).
Such an intervention implies the reuse of urban
areas, re-building, recycling, regenerating
brownfields and restoring local built heritage
(Fig. 45_01). The local identity should be a cornerstone
to all interventions, in most cases the
Danube being a key feature.",
publisher = "Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet",
journal = "D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]",
booktitle = "Designing Shrinking Danubian Cities",
pages = "184-195"
}

Gaman, M., Balizs, D., Stober, D., Djukic, A., Yordanova, M., Stan, A.,& Manea, S.. (2022). Designing Shrinking Danubian Cities. in D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]
Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet., 184-195.

Gaman M, Balizs D, Stober D, Djukic A, Yordanova M, Stan A, Manea S. Designing Shrinking Danubian Cities. in D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]. 2022;:184-195..

Gaman, Marius, Balizs, Daniel, Stober, Dina, Djukic, Aleksandra, Yordanova, Mariana, Stan, Angelica, Manea, Sorin, "Designing Shrinking Danubian Cities" in D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа] (2022):184-195.

TY  - GEN
AU  - Antonić, Branislav
AU  - Vitkova, Lubica
AU  - Balizs, Daniel
AU  - Vaništa Lazarević, Eva
AU  - Marić, Jelena
AU  - Harmanescu, Mihaela
AU  - Manea, Sorin
AU  - Georgiev, Georgi
AU  - Gaydarova, Eleonora
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2016
AB  - The end of the World War I in 1918 changed dramatically the political picture of the eastern half of Europe, mainly divided between three large realms: Austro-Hungarian, German and Russian empires. Their dissolution made space for new national states, which were much smaller, causing a lot of new borderlands. Moreover, these new borders disrupt well established economic markets, zones, and corridors. As a consequence, many urban settlements in the region became border cities and towns or were deeply affected by new borders; they eventually entered the interwar period (1918-1939) with challenging economic prospects, which influenced their demographic stagnation or shrinkage. 
This unfavoured borderland situation had profound effects on urban life and economy along
the Danube in interbellum years. New urban development was an exception, limited to just
several cities with special advantages, such as Bratislava (new ethnic capital) or Novi Sad (new regional seat). The most affected cities were those ones divided by the newly established borders the Danube – unwanted twin cities. For instance, Esztergom and Štúrovo/Párkány. Similarly, towns on the preserved borders, for example, in the Iron Gates Region, continued their stagnation. Finally, some bigger cities along the Danube lost their
gravitation zones (Mosonmagyaróvár) or the status of a country seat (Sombor), which produced similar disadvantages as being directly on border.
PB  - Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet
T2  - D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]
T1  - New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation
SP  - 58
EP  - 69
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Antonić, Branislav and Vitkova, Lubica and Balizs, Daniel and Vaništa Lazarević, Eva and Marić, Jelena and Harmanescu, Mihaela and Manea, Sorin and Georgiev, Georgi and Gaydarova, Eleonora",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The end of the World War I in 1918 changed dramatically the political picture of the eastern half of Europe, mainly divided between three large realms: Austro-Hungarian, German and Russian empires. Their dissolution made space for new national states, which were much smaller, causing a lot of new borderlands. Moreover, these new borders disrupt well established economic markets, zones, and corridors. As a consequence, many urban settlements in the region became border cities and towns or were deeply affected by new borders; they eventually entered the interwar period (1918-1939) with challenging economic prospects, which influenced their demographic stagnation or shrinkage. 
This unfavoured borderland situation had profound effects on urban life and economy along
the Danube in interbellum years. New urban development was an exception, limited to just
several cities with special advantages, such as Bratislava (new ethnic capital) or Novi Sad (new regional seat). The most affected cities were those ones divided by the newly established borders the Danube – unwanted twin cities. For instance, Esztergom and Štúrovo/Párkány. Similarly, towns on the preserved borders, for example, in the Iron Gates Region, continued their stagnation. Finally, some bigger cities along the Danube lost their
gravitation zones (Mosonmagyaróvár) or the status of a country seat (Sombor), which produced similar disadvantages as being directly on border.",
publisher = "Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet",
journal = "D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]",
title = "New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation",
pages = "58-69",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016"
}

Antonić, B., Vitkova, L., Balizs, D., Vaništa Lazarević, E., Marić, J., Harmanescu, M., Manea, S., Georgiev, G.,& Gaydarova, E.. (2022). New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation. in D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]
Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet., 58-69.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016

Antonić B, Vitkova L, Balizs D, Vaništa Lazarević E, Marić J, Harmanescu M, Manea S, Georgiev G, Gaydarova E. New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation. in D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]. 2022;:58-69.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016 .

Antonić, Branislav, Vitkova, Lubica, Balizs, Daniel, Vaništa Lazarević, Eva, Marić, Jelena, Harmanescu, Mihaela, Manea, Sorin, Georgiev, Georgi, Gaydarova, Eleonora, "New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation" in D+ Atlas: Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа] (2022):58-69,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016 .