TY  - GEN
AU  - Antonić, Branislav
AU  - Vitkova, Lubica
AU  - Balizs, Daniel
AU  - Vaništa Lazarević, Eva
AU  - Marić, Jelena
AU  - Harmanescu, Mihaela
AU  - Manea, Sorin
AU  - Georgiev, Georgi
AU  - Gaydarova, Eleonora
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2016
AB  - The end of the World War I in 1918 changed dramatically the political picture of the eastern half of Europe, mainly divided between three large realms: Austro-Hungarian, German and Russian empires. Their dissolution made space for new national states, which were much smaller, causing a lot of new borderlands. Moreover, these new borders disrupt well established economic markets, zones, and corridors. As a consequence, many urban settlements in the region became border cities and towns or were deeply affected by new borders; they eventually entered the interwar period (1918-1939) with challenging economic prospects, which influenced their demographic stagnation or shrinkage. 
This unfavoured borderland situation had profound effects on urban life and economy along
the Danube in interbellum years. New urban development was an exception, limited to just
several cities with special advantages, such as Bratislava (new ethnic capital) or Novi Sad (new regional seat). The most affected cities were those ones divided by the newly established borders the Danube – unwanted twin cities. For instance, Esztergom and Štúrovo/Párkány. Similarly, towns on the preserved borders, for example, in the Iron Gates Region, continued their stagnation. Finally, some bigger cities along the Danube lost their
gravitation zones (Mosonmagyaróvár) or the status of a country seat (Sombor), which produced similar disadvantages as being directly on border.
PB  - Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet
T2  - Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]
T1  - New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation
SP  - 58
EP  - 69
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016
ER  - 

@misc{
author = "Antonić, Branislav and Vitkova, Lubica and Balizs, Daniel and Vaništa Lazarević, Eva and Marić, Jelena and Harmanescu, Mihaela and Manea, Sorin and Georgiev, Georgi and Gaydarova, Eleonora",
year = "2022",
abstract = "The end of the World War I in 1918 changed dramatically the political picture of the eastern half of Europe, mainly divided between three large realms: Austro-Hungarian, German and Russian empires. Their dissolution made space for new national states, which were much smaller, causing a lot of new borderlands. Moreover, these new borders disrupt well established economic markets, zones, and corridors. As a consequence, many urban settlements in the region became border cities and towns or were deeply affected by new borders; they eventually entered the interwar period (1918-1939) with challenging economic prospects, which influenced their demographic stagnation or shrinkage. 
This unfavoured borderland situation had profound effects on urban life and economy along
the Danube in interbellum years. New urban development was an exception, limited to just
several cities with special advantages, such as Bratislava (new ethnic capital) or Novi Sad (new regional seat). The most affected cities were those ones divided by the newly established borders the Danube – unwanted twin cities. For instance, Esztergom and Štúrovo/Párkány. Similarly, towns on the preserved borders, for example, in the Iron Gates Region, continued their stagnation. Finally, some bigger cities along the Danube lost their
gravitation zones (Mosonmagyaróvár) or the status of a country seat (Sombor), which produced similar disadvantages as being directly on border.",
publisher = "Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet",
journal = "Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]",
title = "New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation",
pages = "58-69",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016"
}

Antonić, B., Vitkova, L., Balizs, D., Vaništa Lazarević, E., Marić, J., Harmanescu, M., Manea, S., Georgiev, G.,& Gaydarova, E.. (2022). New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation. in Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]
Beograd : Univerzitet u Beogradu - Arhitektonski fakultet., 58-69.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016

Antonić B, Vitkova L, Balizs D, Vaništa Lazarević E, Marić J, Harmanescu M, Manea S, Georgiev G, Gaydarova E. New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation. in Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа]. 2022;:58-69.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016 .

Antonić, Branislav, Vitkova, Lubica, Balizs, Daniel, Vaništa Lazarević, Eva, Marić, Jelena, Harmanescu, Mihaela, Manea, Sorin, Georgiev, Georgi, Gaydarova, Eleonora, "New Border Cities in Interbellum Stagnation" in Atlas of Hidden Urban Values along the Danube [Картографска грађа] (2022):58-69,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_2016 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Joklova, Viera
AU  - Djukić, Aleksandra
AU  - Harmanescu, Mihaela
AU  - Jančova, Nina
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1830
AB  - Livable city means a city that can effectively meet the needs of its population regardless of age, gender, social situation or level of education. Many official rankings publish annually a list of the most suitable urban places for life, evaluated  according to number of indicators including infrastructure and public transport, urban design and architecture, health and education system, safety and crime, climate,  socio-economic and environmental problems, connections to nature, and others. Top 10 places  ranked regularly are Melbourne, Vienna, Vancouver, Toronto, Calgary, Adelaide, Sydney, Helsinki, Perth, Auckland . It is interesting to note that the geographic location and climate of these livable favorites is not ideal; the  bad weather, snow, darkness and cold last for at least 6 months of the year. So  which values prevail in the selection of people for the quality of life?
The issue of livability or  as well the quality of life in the context of urban design and environmental quality and sustainability is of much interest of interdisciplinar academic research, more frequent since 1960ties. Street negation by modernists and  the functionalist ideals of hygienic and lighted settlements supported the creation of impersonal high-rise buildings coupled by roads without active public spaces. As a reflection on modenistic principles in architecture and urban design and continued growth and preference for automobiles the new theoretical and practical works were born, such as Jane Jacobs  voice calling for the cities humanization of or Jan Gehl´s  theoretical approach and practical design for many great cities, which can be characterized as urbanistic humanism  and the return of the city to its real users. Urban design is all about the human dimensions. Not about cars, industry or business. The quality of life has to be on the first place, followed up by space and buildings – other way round it does not work. If people perceive positively the city for their life, everything else will come gradually (Gehl, 2014). The quality of urban life is primarily concerned  with the qualitative aspects of the city's life as a whole. Simply it is expressed as "friendly relations" of its inhabitants and visitors to the city and to  the degree of infrustructural and urban amenities (Bašová, 2014).
Attempts are now being made to humanize cities, to increase their livability, to improve the public space for people and this way  encouraging them to walk and cycle. Open public spaces are only attractive for users if there is a certain concentration of people. When an osmosis between open spaces and the city occurs – it is an osmosis of the human presence in the streets with the human presence in public spaces (Djukic et al.,2018). Factors such as  the presence and quality of walkways, safety, isolation from disturbing traffic influences, distances, accessibility, creation of a mixed-function  and attractive environment affect user preferences and ultimately affect health, environmental and economic benefits.
PB  - Praha, Česko: Gasset
T2  - Book on the Unexplored Cultural Heritage in Communities by the Danube: DANUrB 2017-2019
T1  - Conceptual Approaches to Environmental Quality and Livability in Smaller Cities
SP  - 104
EP  - 112
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1830
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Joklova, Viera and Djukić, Aleksandra and Harmanescu, Mihaela and Jančova, Nina",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Livable city means a city that can effectively meet the needs of its population regardless of age, gender, social situation or level of education. Many official rankings publish annually a list of the most suitable urban places for life, evaluated  according to number of indicators including infrastructure and public transport, urban design and architecture, health and education system, safety and crime, climate,  socio-economic and environmental problems, connections to nature, and others. Top 10 places  ranked regularly are Melbourne, Vienna, Vancouver, Toronto, Calgary, Adelaide, Sydney, Helsinki, Perth, Auckland . It is interesting to note that the geographic location and climate of these livable favorites is not ideal; the  bad weather, snow, darkness and cold last for at least 6 months of the year. So  which values prevail in the selection of people for the quality of life?
The issue of livability or  as well the quality of life in the context of urban design and environmental quality and sustainability is of much interest of interdisciplinar academic research, more frequent since 1960ties. Street negation by modernists and  the functionalist ideals of hygienic and lighted settlements supported the creation of impersonal high-rise buildings coupled by roads without active public spaces. As a reflection on modenistic principles in architecture and urban design and continued growth and preference for automobiles the new theoretical and practical works were born, such as Jane Jacobs  voice calling for the cities humanization of or Jan Gehl´s  theoretical approach and practical design for many great cities, which can be characterized as urbanistic humanism  and the return of the city to its real users. Urban design is all about the human dimensions. Not about cars, industry or business. The quality of life has to be on the first place, followed up by space and buildings – other way round it does not work. If people perceive positively the city for their life, everything else will come gradually (Gehl, 2014). The quality of urban life is primarily concerned  with the qualitative aspects of the city's life as a whole. Simply it is expressed as "friendly relations" of its inhabitants and visitors to the city and to  the degree of infrustructural and urban amenities (Bašová, 2014).
Attempts are now being made to humanize cities, to increase their livability, to improve the public space for people and this way  encouraging them to walk and cycle. Open public spaces are only attractive for users if there is a certain concentration of people. When an osmosis between open spaces and the city occurs – it is an osmosis of the human presence in the streets with the human presence in public spaces (Djukic et al.,2018). Factors such as  the presence and quality of walkways, safety, isolation from disturbing traffic influences, distances, accessibility, creation of a mixed-function  and attractive environment affect user preferences and ultimately affect health, environmental and economic benefits.",
publisher = "Praha, Česko: Gasset",
journal = "Book on the Unexplored Cultural Heritage in Communities by the Danube: DANUrB 2017-2019",
booktitle = "Conceptual Approaches to Environmental Quality and Livability in Smaller Cities",
pages = "104-112",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1830"
}

Joklova, V., Djukić, A., Harmanescu, M.,& Jančova, N.. (2019). Conceptual Approaches to Environmental Quality and Livability in Smaller Cities. in Book on the Unexplored Cultural Heritage in Communities by the Danube: DANUrB 2017-2019
Praha, Česko: Gasset., 104-112.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1830

Joklova V, Djukić A, Harmanescu M, Jančova N. Conceptual Approaches to Environmental Quality and Livability in Smaller Cities. in Book on the Unexplored Cultural Heritage in Communities by the Danube: DANUrB 2017-2019. 2019;:104-112.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1830 .

Joklova, Viera, Djukić, Aleksandra, Harmanescu, Mihaela, Jančova, Nina, "Conceptual Approaches to Environmental Quality and Livability in Smaller Cities" in Book on the Unexplored Cultural Heritage in Communities by the Danube: DANUrB 2017-2019 (2019):104-112,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1830 .