TY  - CONF
AU  - Lević, Bojana
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1254
AB  - Tokom poslednje decenije, sve veća pažnja je posvećena razvoju koncepta energetski pozitivnih oblasti sa ciljem da se podstakne prelazak na čistu, obnovljivu energiju, ali su potrebna dalja istraživanja kako bi se identifikovali pristupi u planiranju i projektovanju sa stanovišta održivog razvoja. Energetski pozitivne oblasti predstavljaju inovativan koncept razvoja urbanih okruga i odnose se na urbana naselja sa sposobnošću da postignu pozitivan energetski bilans na godišnjem nivou, kao energetski autonomne oblasti. Koncept energetski pozitivnih oblasti se temelji na tri stuba, visokom nivou energetske efikasnosti građevinskog fonda, primeni sistema sa lokalnim obnovljivim izvorima energije i optimizovanom i fleksibilnom energetskom sistemu. Predmet istraživačkog rada je pregled tri projekta pametnih gradova (Making City, +CityxChange, Atelier) koji imaju za cilj stvaranje i repliciranje energetski pozitivnih oblasti u okviru evropskih gradova. Glavni cilj projekata je realizacija energetski pozitivnih oblasti u određenim gradovima (Oulu – Finska, Trondheim – Norveška, Amsterdam – Holandija), a potom primenu istih integrisanih pametnih urbanih rešenja na druge gradove, odnosno replikaciju energetski pozitivnih oblasti u drugim gradovima (Vidin – Bugarska, Alba Julia – Rumunija, Budimpešta – Mađarska). Projekti su postavljeni na tri principa: 1. smanjenju emisije CO2 rešavanjem tehničkih, finansijskih, pravnih i društvenih mera u cilju podržavanja integracije sistema za lokalnu proizvodnju obnovljive energije i visoku energetsku efikasnost, stimulišući lokalne javne i privatne investicije; 2. održivim, sigurnim i pristupačnim energetskim sistemima; 3. saradnjom i deljenjem znanja kroz mogućnosti za saradnju u mreži javnih vlasti, institucija znanja, industrija i aktivnih građana i deljenjem iskustva sa sugrađanima. Za istraživanje su izabrani projekti koji su za replikaciju energetski pozitivnih oblasti odredili gradove koji se nalaze u našem okruženju, tako da rezultati istraživanja mogu biti relevantni i za integrisanje rešenja i u urbanim područjima kod nas.
AB  - Over the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to developing the concept of positive energy districts (PED) in order to encourage the transition to clean, renewable energy, but further research is needed to identify approaches to planning and design from a sustainable development perspective. PED represent an innovative concept for the development of urban districts and refer to urban settlements with the ability to achieve a positive energy balance on an annual basis. The concept of PED is based on three pillars, a high level of energy efficiency of the construction fund, the application of a system with local renewable energy sources and an optimized and flexible energy system. The subject of the research paper is an overview of three smart city projects (Making City, +CityxChange, Atelier) which aim to create and replicate positive energy districts within European cities. The main goal of the project is the realization of PED in certain cities
(Oulu-Finland, Trondheim-Norway, Amsterdam-Netherlands), and then the application of the same integrated smart urban solutions to other cities, or replication of PED in other cities (Vidin-Bulgaria, Alba Iulia-Romania, Budapest-Hungary). The projects are based on three principles: 1. reducing CO2 emissions by addressing technical, financial, legal and social measures to support the integration of local renewable energy production systems and high energy efficiency, stimulating local public and private investment; 2. sustainable and affordable energy systems; 3. cooperation and sharing of knowledge through opportunities for cooperation in the network of public authorities, institutes of knowledge, industry and active citizens in the city and sharing experiences with fellow citizens. Projects that have identified cities in our environment for the replication of PED have been selected for the research, so that the results of the research may be relevant for the integration of solutions in urban areas in our country.
PB  - Asocijacija prostornih planera Srbije
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu Geografski fakultet
C3  - Deveti naučno-stručni skup sa međunarodnim učešćem Lokalna samouprava u planiranju i uređenju prostora i naselja, Beograd, jun 2022.
T1  - Transformacija urbanih područja u energetski pozitivne oblasti – pregled projekata sa ambicijom ostvarivanja energetski pozitivnih oblasti
SP  - 493
EP  - 499
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1254
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Lević, Bojana and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Tokom poslednje decenije, sve veća pažnja je posvećena razvoju koncepta energetski pozitivnih oblasti sa ciljem da se podstakne prelazak na čistu, obnovljivu energiju, ali su potrebna dalja istraživanja kako bi se identifikovali pristupi u planiranju i projektovanju sa stanovišta održivog razvoja. Energetski pozitivne oblasti predstavljaju inovativan koncept razvoja urbanih okruga i odnose se na urbana naselja sa sposobnošću da postignu pozitivan energetski bilans na godišnjem nivou, kao energetski autonomne oblasti. Koncept energetski pozitivnih oblasti se temelji na tri stuba, visokom nivou energetske efikasnosti građevinskog fonda, primeni sistema sa lokalnim obnovljivim izvorima energije i optimizovanom i fleksibilnom energetskom sistemu. Predmet istraživačkog rada je pregled tri projekta pametnih gradova (Making City, +CityxChange, Atelier) koji imaju za cilj stvaranje i repliciranje energetski pozitivnih oblasti u okviru evropskih gradova. Glavni cilj projekata je realizacija energetski pozitivnih oblasti u određenim gradovima (Oulu – Finska, Trondheim – Norveška, Amsterdam – Holandija), a potom primenu istih integrisanih pametnih urbanih rešenja na druge gradove, odnosno replikaciju energetski pozitivnih oblasti u drugim gradovima (Vidin – Bugarska, Alba Julia – Rumunija, Budimpešta – Mađarska). Projekti su postavljeni na tri principa: 1. smanjenju emisije CO2 rešavanjem tehničkih, finansijskih, pravnih i društvenih mera u cilju podržavanja integracije sistema za lokalnu proizvodnju obnovljive energije i visoku energetsku efikasnost, stimulišući lokalne javne i privatne investicije; 2. održivim, sigurnim i pristupačnim energetskim sistemima; 3. saradnjom i deljenjem znanja kroz mogućnosti za saradnju u mreži javnih vlasti, institucija znanja, industrija i aktivnih građana i deljenjem iskustva sa sugrađanima. Za istraživanje su izabrani projekti koji su za replikaciju energetski pozitivnih oblasti odredili gradove koji se nalaze u našem okruženju, tako da rezultati istraživanja mogu biti relevantni i za integrisanje rešenja i u urbanim područjima kod nas., Over the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to developing the concept of positive energy districts (PED) in order to encourage the transition to clean, renewable energy, but further research is needed to identify approaches to planning and design from a sustainable development perspective. PED represent an innovative concept for the development of urban districts and refer to urban settlements with the ability to achieve a positive energy balance on an annual basis. The concept of PED is based on three pillars, a high level of energy efficiency of the construction fund, the application of a system with local renewable energy sources and an optimized and flexible energy system. The subject of the research paper is an overview of three smart city projects (Making City, +CityxChange, Atelier) which aim to create and replicate positive energy districts within European cities. The main goal of the project is the realization of PED in certain cities
(Oulu-Finland, Trondheim-Norway, Amsterdam-Netherlands), and then the application of the same integrated smart urban solutions to other cities, or replication of PED in other cities (Vidin-Bulgaria, Alba Iulia-Romania, Budapest-Hungary). The projects are based on three principles: 1. reducing CO2 emissions by addressing technical, financial, legal and social measures to support the integration of local renewable energy production systems and high energy efficiency, stimulating local public and private investment; 2. sustainable and affordable energy systems; 3. cooperation and sharing of knowledge through opportunities for cooperation in the network of public authorities, institutes of knowledge, industry and active citizens in the city and sharing experiences with fellow citizens. Projects that have identified cities in our environment for the replication of PED have been selected for the research, so that the results of the research may be relevant for the integration of solutions in urban areas in our country.",
publisher = "Asocijacija prostornih planera Srbije, Univerzitet u Beogradu Geografski fakultet",
journal = "Deveti naučno-stručni skup sa međunarodnim učešćem Lokalna samouprava u planiranju i uređenju prostora i naselja, Beograd, jun 2022.",
title = "Transformacija urbanih područja u energetski pozitivne oblasti – pregled projekata sa ambicijom ostvarivanja energetski pozitivnih oblasti",
pages = "493-499",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1254"
}

Lević, B.,& Đukanović, L.. (2022). Transformacija urbanih područja u energetski pozitivne oblasti – pregled projekata sa ambicijom ostvarivanja energetski pozitivnih oblasti. in Deveti naučno-stručni skup sa međunarodnim učešćem Lokalna samouprava u planiranju i uređenju prostora i naselja, Beograd, jun 2022.
Asocijacija prostornih planera Srbije., 493-499.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1254

Lević B, Đukanović L. Transformacija urbanih područja u energetski pozitivne oblasti – pregled projekata sa ambicijom ostvarivanja energetski pozitivnih oblasti. in Deveti naučno-stručni skup sa međunarodnim učešćem Lokalna samouprava u planiranju i uređenju prostora i naselja, Beograd, jun 2022.. 2022;:493-499.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1254 .

Lević, Bojana, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Transformacija urbanih područja u energetski pozitivne oblasti – pregled projekata sa ambicijom ostvarivanja energetski pozitivnih oblasti" in Deveti naučno-stručni skup sa međunarodnim učešćem Lokalna samouprava u planiranju i uređenju prostora i naselja, Beograd, jun 2022. (2022):493-499,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1254 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Ignjatović, Dušan
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Lukić, Nevena
AU  - Zeković, Bojana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1226
AB  - Energy refurbishment of school buildings is a priority regarding both energy consumption
in buildings and improving comfort conditions for sensitive young occupants. During 2016–18, a
group of teachers and associates from the Faculty of Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, and
Electrical Engineering from the University in Belgrade participated in the project “Energy efficiency
in public buildings” in cooperation with GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture and Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia. During 2016 and 2017, a comprehensive survey and database of public buildings were conducted by the local community. The focus of the research was the facilities of children’s institutions, and detailed data were collected to determine the current building stock conditions, energy consumption, and possible improvements. This paper presents the methodology of the project based on defining the typology of buildings, determining the representatives of the characteristic periods of construction, and analyzing their energy performance. Five possible scenarios were considered: designed condition, existing state, and three levels of a building improvement. The main goal of this project was to ascertain the entire fund for school buildings, indicate the potential for energy savings of this type of public building at the national level, and use this as a starting point for developing strategic decisions and further energy efficiency policies. This paper presents the complete results of the research on school buildings in Serbia, their energy performance, and possible energy savings. Key findings show that a great majority of schools are in a poor state in terms of their energy efficiency, but at the same time, there is a large potential for improvement of building envelope, HVAC, and lighting systems, which can cut the current energy need for heating to up to 80%.
AB  - Енергетска реконструкција школских зграда представља приоритет како са становишта потрошње енергије тако и са становишта побољшања услова комфора младих генерација које у њима бораве. Током 2016-18 године група наставника и сарадника са Архитектонског, Машинског и Електротехничког факултета у Беогаду учествовала је у пројекту “Енергетска ефикасност јавних зграда” који је рађен у сарадњи ГИЗ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), Универзитет у Београду – Архитектонски факултет и Министарство рударства и енергетике Републике Србије. За потребе пројекта током 2016. и 2017. године спроведен је попис јавних зграда од стране локалне заједнице према упитницима који су формирали истраживачи на пројекту а који је управо дефинисао све неопходне информације о зградама, као полазиште за рад на пројекту. У фокусу истраживања били су објекти дечијих установа: школских и предшколских и за њих су прикупљени детаљни подаци како би се утврдило стање зграда, потрошња енергије и сагледала могућа унапређења.  У раду је приказана методологија пројекта базирана на типологији зграда где су утврђени репрезенти карактеристичних периода грађења и на њима је вршена анализа енергетских перформанси.  Разматрано је пет могућих сценарија: пројектовано стање, затечено стање и три нивоа унапређења и на тај начин сагледане су могуће енергетске уштеде укупног фонда зграда дечијих установа. Основни циљ овог пројекта је био да се истражи целокупни фонд школских зграда, укаже на потенцијал за уштеду енергије ове врсте јавних зграда на националном нивоу и то постави као полазна основа за доношење стратешких одлука и генералне политике енергетске ефикасности. У овом раду су представљени комплетни резултати истраживања школских зграда у Србији, њихових енергетских перформанси и могућих уштеда енергије. Резултати показују да је већина школа у јако лошем стању у погледу њихове енергетске ефикасности, али истовремено постоји велики потенцијал за побољшање омотача зграда, као и система грејања и система осветљења, што може смањити потрошњу енергије и до 80%.
PB  - Basel : MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock- A Typology Tool Methodology Development
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
SP  - 4074
DO  - 10.3390/su14074074
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đukanović, Ljiljana and Ignjatović, Dušan and Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Rajčić, Aleksandar and Lukić, Nevena and Zeković, Bojana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Energy refurbishment of school buildings is a priority regarding both energy consumption
in buildings and improving comfort conditions for sensitive young occupants. During 2016–18, a
group of teachers and associates from the Faculty of Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, and
Electrical Engineering from the University in Belgrade participated in the project “Energy efficiency
in public buildings” in cooperation with GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture and Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia. During 2016 and 2017, a comprehensive survey and database of public buildings were conducted by the local community. The focus of the research was the facilities of children’s institutions, and detailed data were collected to determine the current building stock conditions, energy consumption, and possible improvements. This paper presents the methodology of the project based on defining the typology of buildings, determining the representatives of the characteristic periods of construction, and analyzing their energy performance. Five possible scenarios were considered: designed condition, existing state, and three levels of a building improvement. The main goal of this project was to ascertain the entire fund for school buildings, indicate the potential for energy savings of this type of public building at the national level, and use this as a starting point for developing strategic decisions and further energy efficiency policies. This paper presents the complete results of the research on school buildings in Serbia, their energy performance, and possible energy savings. Key findings show that a great majority of schools are in a poor state in terms of their energy efficiency, but at the same time, there is a large potential for improvement of building envelope, HVAC, and lighting systems, which can cut the current energy need for heating to up to 80%., Енергетска реконструкција школских зграда представља приоритет како са становишта потрошње енергије тако и са становишта побољшања услова комфора младих генерација које у њима бораве. Током 2016-18 године група наставника и сарадника са Архитектонског, Машинског и Електротехничког факултета у Беогаду учествовала је у пројекту “Енергетска ефикасност јавних зграда” који је рађен у сарадњи ГИЗ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), Универзитет у Београду – Архитектонски факултет и Министарство рударства и енергетике Републике Србије. За потребе пројекта током 2016. и 2017. године спроведен је попис јавних зграда од стране локалне заједнице према упитницима који су формирали истраживачи на пројекту а који је управо дефинисао све неопходне информације о зградама, као полазиште за рад на пројекту. У фокусу истраживања били су објекти дечијих установа: школских и предшколских и за њих су прикупљени детаљни подаци како би се утврдило стање зграда, потрошња енергије и сагледала могућа унапређења.  У раду је приказана методологија пројекта базирана на типологији зграда где су утврђени репрезенти карактеристичних периода грађења и на њима је вршена анализа енергетских перформанси.  Разматрано је пет могућих сценарија: пројектовано стање, затечено стање и три нивоа унапређења и на тај начин сагледане су могуће енергетске уштеде укупног фонда зграда дечијих установа. Основни циљ овог пројекта је био да се истражи целокупни фонд школских зграда, укаже на потенцијал за уштеду енергије ове врсте јавних зграда на националном нивоу и то постави као полазна основа за доношење стратешких одлука и генералне политике енергетске ефикасности. У овом раду су представљени комплетни резултати истраживања школских зграда у Србији, њихових енергетских перформанси и могућих уштеда енергије. Резултати показују да је већина школа у јако лошем стању у погледу њихове енергетске ефикасности, али истовремено постоји велики потенцијал за побољшање омотача зграда, као и система грејања и система осветљења, што може смањити потрошњу енергије и до 80%.",
publisher = "Basel : MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock- A Typology Tool Methodology Development",
volume = "14",
number = "7",
pages = "4074",
doi = "10.3390/su14074074"
}

Đukanović, L., Ignjatović, D., Ćuković Ignjatović, N., Rajčić, A., Lukić, N.,& Zeković, B.. (2022). Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock- A Typology Tool Methodology Development. in Sustainability
Basel : MDPI., 14(7), 4074.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074074

Đukanović L, Ignjatović D, Ćuković Ignjatović N, Rajčić A, Lukić N, Zeković B. Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock- A Typology Tool Methodology Development. in Sustainability. 2022;14(7):4074.
doi:10.3390/su14074074 .

Đukanović, Ljiljana, Ignjatović, Dušan, Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Rajčić, Aleksandar, Lukić, Nevena, Zeković, Bojana, "Energy Refurbishment of Serbian School Building Stock- A Typology Tool Methodology Development" in Sustainability, 14, no. 7 (2022):4074,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074074 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ignjatović, Dušan
AU  - Zeković, Bojana
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1166
AB  - This paper presents the methodology for the implementation of building typology principles
as a tool for the strategic planning of residential building stock energy retrofits on a municipal
level in Serbia. Research was conducted under the IEE EPISCOPE (Intelligent Energy Europe EPISCOPE/ TABULA project) project with the aim of developing an adequate tool for creating building stock energy retrofit management strategies on a local level. An approach that envisions the diversity and uneven spatial distribution of building stock in smaller scale municipalities and includes statistically relevant sampling of all relevant building types was developed and tested in the pilot project that focused on the city of Vršac. Two options for local typology development were formulated: a top-down approach, which relies on the data from the national typology or other available databases by reducing them to the local level, and a bottom-up approach, which represents a new data gathering and processing method. Both approaches were tested in the pilot project and the results are compared in this paper. From the conclusions of these analyses, a common methodology for the development of local building typologies has been defined. It can be used in the strategic planning of building stock, whether for the purpose of developing local energy action plans (LEAPs) or other purposes internationally.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Sustainability
T1  - Methodology for Residential Building Stock Refurbishment Planning—Development of Local Building Typologies
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
SP  - 4262
DO  - 10.3390/su13084262
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ignjatović, Dušan and Zeković, Bojana and Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana and Rajčić, Aleksandar",
year = "2021",
abstract = "This paper presents the methodology for the implementation of building typology principles
as a tool for the strategic planning of residential building stock energy retrofits on a municipal
level in Serbia. Research was conducted under the IEE EPISCOPE (Intelligent Energy Europe EPISCOPE/ TABULA project) project with the aim of developing an adequate tool for creating building stock energy retrofit management strategies on a local level. An approach that envisions the diversity and uneven spatial distribution of building stock in smaller scale municipalities and includes statistically relevant sampling of all relevant building types was developed and tested in the pilot project that focused on the city of Vršac. Two options for local typology development were formulated: a top-down approach, which relies on the data from the national typology or other available databases by reducing them to the local level, and a bottom-up approach, which represents a new data gathering and processing method. Both approaches were tested in the pilot project and the results are compared in this paper. From the conclusions of these analyses, a common methodology for the development of local building typologies has been defined. It can be used in the strategic planning of building stock, whether for the purpose of developing local energy action plans (LEAPs) or other purposes internationally.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Sustainability",
title = "Methodology for Residential Building Stock Refurbishment Planning—Development of Local Building Typologies",
volume = "13",
number = "8",
pages = "4262",
doi = "10.3390/su13084262"
}

Ignjatović, D., Zeković, B., Ćuković Ignjatović, N., Đukanović, L., Radivojević, A.,& Rajčić, A.. (2021). Methodology for Residential Building Stock Refurbishment Planning—Development of Local Building Typologies. in Sustainability
MDPI., 13(8), 4262.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084262

Ignjatović D, Zeković B, Ćuković Ignjatović N, Đukanović L, Radivojević A, Rajčić A. Methodology for Residential Building Stock Refurbishment Planning—Development of Local Building Typologies. in Sustainability. 2021;13(8):4262.
doi:10.3390/su13084262 .

Ignjatović, Dušan, Zeković, Bojana, Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, Rajčić, Aleksandar, "Methodology for Residential Building Stock Refurbishment Planning—Development of Local Building Typologies" in Sustainability, 13, no. 8 (2021):4262,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084262 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ротер Благојевић, Мирјана
AU  - Ђукановић, Љиљана
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1120
AB  - Вишеспратне пословно-стамбене и стамбене зграде су све
присутније у Београду од 1900. год. и сведоче о његовој
убрзаној модернизацији. У периоду до Првог светског рата
се развијају основни типови вишепородичних стамбених
зграда и формирају карактеристични облици склопова
зграда и просторне организације станова. Како су градитељи
били образовани у средњоевропским центрима (Пешти,
Бечу, Минхену, Ахену, Берлину и Цириху), типови склопова
и станова су настајали под њиховим утицајем. Након рата,
поред старе активна је и млађа генерација градитеља
образована на Архитектонском одсеку Техничког факултета
у Београду, која доприноси већој разноврсности просторних
решења и јавља се утицај и других европских центара (Прага
и Париза). Кроз анализу су разматрани и компарирани
примери настали у периоду 1900−1914. и 1918−1941. год.
како би се дефинисали основни типови облика основа,
склопова зграда и просторне организације станова. Циљ
истраживања је да се потврди теза о континуитету развоја
и примене истих основних типова склопова зграда и
просторне организације станова у оба периода. Такође
је потврђена и теза о континуираној употреби масивне
конструкције за израду зидова у оба периода, док се
примена савременог материјала, армираног бетона, и
полумонтажне међуспратне конструкције Хербст усталила
током треће и четврте деценије 20. века.
AB  - Multi-storey business-residential and residential buildings have
been increasingly present in Belgrade since 1900 and testify to
its accelerated modernisation. In the period before the WWI,
the basic types of multi-family residential buildings were
developed and characteristic forms of building assemblies and
spatial organisation of apartments were formed. As builders
were educated in Central European centres (Pest, Vienna,
Munich, Aachen, Berlin and Zurich), the types of assemblies
and apartments were created according to their influence. After
the war, in addition to the old generation of architects, the
younger generation, educated at the Architectural Department
of the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, is also active, which
contributes to a greater variety of solutions and the influence
of other European centres (Prague and Paris). Through the
analysis, examples from the period 1900-14 and 1918-41 are
considered and compared to define the basic types of building
shapes, assemblies and spatial organization of apartments. The
research confirms the thesis on the continuity of development
and application of the same basic types of buildings and
spatial organisation of apartments in both periods. The thesis
of continuous use of masonry construction for making walls
in both periods was also confirmed, while the use of modern
material, reinforced concrete, and semi-prefabricated Herbst
construction was established during the third and fourth
decades of the 20th century.
PB  - Институт за архитектуру и урбанизам Србије (ИАУС)
T2  - Архитектура и урбанизам
T1  - Модернизација стамбене изградње прве половине 20. века у Београду – трансформација просторног концепта, конструкцијe и материјализацијe вишеспратних вишепородичних зграда
T1  - Belgrade housing modernisation in the first half of 20th century – transformation of spatial concept, construction and materialization of multy-story residential buildings
IS  - 51
SP  - 46
EP  - 71
DO  - 10.5937/a-u0-29194
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ротер Благојевић, Мирјана and Ђукановић, Љиљана",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Вишеспратне пословно-стамбене и стамбене зграде су све
присутније у Београду од 1900. год. и сведоче о његовој
убрзаној модернизацији. У периоду до Првог светског рата
се развијају основни типови вишепородичних стамбених
зграда и формирају карактеристични облици склопова
зграда и просторне организације станова. Како су градитељи
били образовани у средњоевропским центрима (Пешти,
Бечу, Минхену, Ахену, Берлину и Цириху), типови склопова
и станова су настајали под њиховим утицајем. Након рата,
поред старе активна је и млађа генерација градитеља
образована на Архитектонском одсеку Техничког факултета
у Београду, која доприноси већој разноврсности просторних
решења и јавља се утицај и других европских центара (Прага
и Париза). Кроз анализу су разматрани и компарирани
примери настали у периоду 1900−1914. и 1918−1941. год.
како би се дефинисали основни типови облика основа,
склопова зграда и просторне организације станова. Циљ
истраживања је да се потврди теза о континуитету развоја
и примене истих основних типова склопова зграда и
просторне организације станова у оба периода. Такође
је потврђена и теза о континуираној употреби масивне
конструкције за израду зидова у оба периода, док се
примена савременог материјала, армираног бетона, и
полумонтажне међуспратне конструкције Хербст усталила
током треће и четврте деценије 20. века., Multi-storey business-residential and residential buildings have
been increasingly present in Belgrade since 1900 and testify to
its accelerated modernisation. In the period before the WWI,
the basic types of multi-family residential buildings were
developed and characteristic forms of building assemblies and
spatial organisation of apartments were formed. As builders
were educated in Central European centres (Pest, Vienna,
Munich, Aachen, Berlin and Zurich), the types of assemblies
and apartments were created according to their influence. After
the war, in addition to the old generation of architects, the
younger generation, educated at the Architectural Department
of the Technical Faculty in Belgrade, is also active, which
contributes to a greater variety of solutions and the influence
of other European centres (Prague and Paris). Through the
analysis, examples from the period 1900-14 and 1918-41 are
considered and compared to define the basic types of building
shapes, assemblies and spatial organization of apartments. The
research confirms the thesis on the continuity of development
and application of the same basic types of buildings and
spatial organisation of apartments in both periods. The thesis
of continuous use of masonry construction for making walls
in both periods was also confirmed, while the use of modern
material, reinforced concrete, and semi-prefabricated Herbst
construction was established during the third and fourth
decades of the 20th century.",
publisher = "Институт за архитектуру и урбанизам Србије (ИАУС)",
journal = "Архитектура и урбанизам",
title = "Модернизација стамбене изградње прве половине 20. века у Београду – трансформација просторног концепта, конструкцијe и материјализацијe вишеспратних вишепородичних зграда, Belgrade housing modernisation in the first half of 20th century – transformation of spatial concept, construction and materialization of multy-story residential buildings",
number = "51",
pages = "46-71",
doi = "10.5937/a-u0-29194"
}

Ротер Благојевић, М.,& Ђукановић, Љ.. (2020). Модернизација стамбене изградње прве половине 20. века у Београду – трансформација просторног концепта, конструкцијe и материјализацијe вишеспратних вишепородичних зграда. in Архитектура и урбанизам
Институт за архитектуру и урбанизам Србије (ИАУС).(51), 46-71.
https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-29194

Ротер Благојевић М, Ђукановић Љ. Модернизација стамбене изградње прве половине 20. века у Београду – трансформација просторног концепта, конструкцијe и материјализацијe вишеспратних вишепородичних зграда. in Архитектура и урбанизам. 2020;(51):46-71.
doi:10.5937/a-u0-29194 .

Ротер Благојевић, Мирјана, Ђукановић, Љиљана, "Модернизација стамбене изградње прве половине 20. века у Београду – трансформација просторног концепта, конструкцијe и материјализацијe вишеспратних вишепородичних зграда" in Архитектура и урбанизам, no. 51 (2020):46-71,
https://doi.org/10.5937/a-u0-29194 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1084
AB  - When modernizing the curricula at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Belgrade,
some fields of study have been somewhat neglected, including the teaching of traditional
architecture, which is currently studied only at a basic level. Many students complete their
education without adequate knowledge in this field, and this has affected the current situation
of architectural practice in Serbia. Two optional courses were initiated to try to fill this gap, with
different approaches to the study of traditional architecture. One course focuses on the study of
traditional building techniques and materials related to the historical building context. The other
course explores the correlation between traditional and sustainable architecture, following the
idea that the latter is closely connected to traditional architecture. These teaching experiences,
their problems and their outcome will be presented in this paper.
PB  - Toledo: INTBAU Spain
T2  - Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism
T1  - The need for new approaches to the study of traditional architecture in the process of architectural education
T1  - La necesidad de nuevos enfoques para estudiar la arquitectura tradicional en el proceso de formación arquitectónica
T1  - A necessidade de novas abordagens ao estudo da arquitectura tradicional no processo de ensino da arquitectura
SP  - 288
EP  - 294
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1084
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Radivojević, Ana and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2020",
abstract = "When modernizing the curricula at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Belgrade,
some fields of study have been somewhat neglected, including the teaching of traditional
architecture, which is currently studied only at a basic level. Many students complete their
education without adequate knowledge in this field, and this has affected the current situation
of architectural practice in Serbia. Two optional courses were initiated to try to fill this gap, with
different approaches to the study of traditional architecture. One course focuses on the study of
traditional building techniques and materials related to the historical building context. The other
course explores the correlation between traditional and sustainable architecture, following the
idea that the latter is closely connected to traditional architecture. These teaching experiences,
their problems and their outcome will be presented in this paper.",
publisher = "Toledo: INTBAU Spain",
journal = "Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism",
title = "The need for new approaches to the study of traditional architecture in the process of architectural education, La necesidad de nuevos enfoques para estudiar la arquitectura tradicional en el proceso de formación arquitectónica, A necessidade de novas abordagens ao estudo da arquitectura tradicional no processo de ensino da arquitectura",
pages = "288-294",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1084"
}

Radivojević, A.,& Đukanović, L.. (2020). The need for new approaches to the study of traditional architecture in the process of architectural education. in Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism
Toledo: INTBAU Spain., 288-294.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1084

Radivojević A, Đukanović L. The need for new approaches to the study of traditional architecture in the process of architectural education. in Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism. 2020;:288-294.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1084 .

Radivojević, Ana, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "The need for new approaches to the study of traditional architecture in the process of architectural education" in Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism (2020):288-294,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_1084 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Lukić, Nevena
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/836
AB  - Infiltration has a considerable impact on both, energy efficiency and occupant comfort in buildings. Due to the complexity of the analysis of this phenomenon in buildings, the verification methods are very important for its diagnostics and evaluation. In this paper, the matter of infiltration in buildings is being considered referring to both, calculation models and methods, as well as through current standards and regulations in the EU and Serbia. Different valorization methods are presented and analyzed regarding their characteristics, applicability, and complexity. Finally, preliminary infiltration measurements with a pressurization test, conducted on selected buildings of Belgrade housing stock are presented and compared with values defined by the current regulations in Serbia. Results pointed out current problems and the need for improvements regarding the treatment of infiltration in local regulations and practice.
AB  - Инфилтрација има значајан утицај у разматрању питања како енергетске ефикасности тако и комфора у објектима. Због сложености анализе овог феномена, методе верификације показале су се као веома важне приликом дијагностиковања и евалуације инфилтрације. У овом раду се питање инфилтрације разматра у односу на моделе и методе прорачуна, као и тренутне стандарде и прописе у ЕУ и Србији. Разматране су различите методе верификације кроз анализу и поређење њихових карактеристика, применљивост и сложеност. Представљена су и прелиминарна мерења инфилтрације одабраних објеката у склопу стамбеног фонда Београда тестом притиска удувавањем која су упоређена са вредностима дефинисаним важећим прописима у Србији. Резултати су указали на тренутне проблеме и потребу унапређења третмана инфилтрације у локалним прописима и пракси.
PB  - Универзитет у Бањој Луци  Архитектонско-грађевинско-геодетски факултет
PB  - University of Banja Luka  Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy
C3  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Theory and Practice in Construction XIV STEPGRAD = Mеђународна конференција савремена теорија и пракса у градитељству XIV
T1  - Implication of infiltration on building energy demand- a review of verification methods
T1  - Утицај инфилтрације на енергетске потребе зграде –  преглед метода верификације
SP  - 235
EP  - 249
DO  - 10.7251/STP2014235L
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Lukić, Nevena and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Infiltration has a considerable impact on both, energy efficiency and occupant comfort in buildings. Due to the complexity of the analysis of this phenomenon in buildings, the verification methods are very important for its diagnostics and evaluation. In this paper, the matter of infiltration in buildings is being considered referring to both, calculation models and methods, as well as through current standards and regulations in the EU and Serbia. Different valorization methods are presented and analyzed regarding their characteristics, applicability, and complexity. Finally, preliminary infiltration measurements with a pressurization test, conducted on selected buildings of Belgrade housing stock are presented and compared with values defined by the current regulations in Serbia. Results pointed out current problems and the need for improvements regarding the treatment of infiltration in local regulations and practice., Инфилтрација има значајан утицај у разматрању питања како енергетске ефикасности тако и комфора у објектима. Због сложености анализе овог феномена, методе верификације показале су се као веома важне приликом дијагностиковања и евалуације инфилтрације. У овом раду се питање инфилтрације разматра у односу на моделе и методе прорачуна, као и тренутне стандарде и прописе у ЕУ и Србији. Разматране су различите методе верификације кроз анализу и поређење њихових карактеристика, применљивост и сложеност. Представљена су и прелиминарна мерења инфилтрације одабраних објеката у склопу стамбеног фонда Београда тестом притиска удувавањем која су упоређена са вредностима дефинисаним важећим прописима у Србији. Резултати су указали на тренутне проблеме и потребу унапређења третмана инфилтрације у локалним прописима и пракси.",
publisher = "Универзитет у Бањој Луци  Архитектонско-грађевинско-геодетски факултет, University of Banja Luka  Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy",
journal = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Theory and Practice in Construction XIV STEPGRAD = Mеђународна конференција савремена теорија и пракса у градитељству XIV",
title = "Implication of infiltration on building energy demand- a review of verification methods, Утицај инфилтрације на енергетске потребе зграде –  преглед метода верификације",
pages = "235-249",
doi = "10.7251/STP2014235L"
}

Lukić, N., Đukanović, L.,& Radivojević, A.. (2020). Implication of infiltration on building energy demand- a review of verification methods. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Theory and Practice in Construction XIV STEPGRAD = Mеђународна конференција савремена теорија и пракса у градитељству XIV
Универзитет у Бањој Луци  Архитектонско-грађевинско-геодетски факултет., 235-249.
https://doi.org/10.7251/STP2014235L

Lukić N, Đukanović L, Radivojević A. Implication of infiltration on building energy demand- a review of verification methods. in Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Theory and Practice in Construction XIV STEPGRAD = Mеђународна конференција савремена теорија и пракса у градитељству XIV. 2020;:235-249.
doi:10.7251/STP2014235L .

Lukić, Nevena, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, "Implication of infiltration on building energy demand- a review of verification methods" in Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Theory and Practice in Construction XIV STEPGRAD = Mеђународна конференција савремена теорија и пракса у градитељству XIV (2020):235-249,
https://doi.org/10.7251/STP2014235L . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/830
AB  - As one of the aspects of sustainable architecture, the energy efficiency of buildings has largely come to life and has found its practical application in modern construction practice. Active action towards the achievement of the adequate energy performance of buildings implies the creation of appropriate regulations, providing basic guidelines for securing energy efficiency in the design and construction of buildings. In that sense, with a dozen years of delay in relation to the introduction of the EPBD, Serbia has adopted its legal regulations regarding energy efficiency in buildings, being in force since 2012. Respecting the basic guidelines of the original directive, the regulations in Serbia were the subject of major changes in relation to the previous ones, making a major shift in the boundaries of the relevant parameters and the basic methodology of calculating the energy performance of buildings. However, in practice, it has been shown that some of the factors that are important for the design and energy behaviour of the buildings have been treated inadequately. This particularly refers to the problem of thermal bridges, whose impact on the overall energy performance of the buildings is too simplified. Consequently, depending on the complexity of the building, the prescribed calculation methodology often yields significantly fewer energy needs than they actually are. By taking the view that the influence of thermal bridges, regardless of their type and character, is treated as an arbitrary magnification of surface transmission loss in the function of magnifying the surface of the thermal envelope, the real impact of both linear and point heat losses is neglected. While the issue of an adequate calculation of linear losses is directly related to the way of designing the building, that is, to the conception of details, the question of the impact of point losses is a consequence of the structure of thermal envelope elements. The paper presents two types of critical cases of thermal bridges: the treatment of linear thermal bridges for which research has shown that their influence can significantly exceed those envisaged by the current rulebook, and the influence of point heat bridges, as seen in the specific case of ventilated façades in which this problem is present.
PB  - IOP Publishing Ltd
C3  - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
T1  - Lack of regulation on the energy efficiency in Serbia in terms of the assessment of the impact of thermal bridges
VL  - 410
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
DO  - 10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012077
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana",
year = "2020",
abstract = "As one of the aspects of sustainable architecture, the energy efficiency of buildings has largely come to life and has found its practical application in modern construction practice. Active action towards the achievement of the adequate energy performance of buildings implies the creation of appropriate regulations, providing basic guidelines for securing energy efficiency in the design and construction of buildings. In that sense, with a dozen years of delay in relation to the introduction of the EPBD, Serbia has adopted its legal regulations regarding energy efficiency in buildings, being in force since 2012. Respecting the basic guidelines of the original directive, the regulations in Serbia were the subject of major changes in relation to the previous ones, making a major shift in the boundaries of the relevant parameters and the basic methodology of calculating the energy performance of buildings. However, in practice, it has been shown that some of the factors that are important for the design and energy behaviour of the buildings have been treated inadequately. This particularly refers to the problem of thermal bridges, whose impact on the overall energy performance of the buildings is too simplified. Consequently, depending on the complexity of the building, the prescribed calculation methodology often yields significantly fewer energy needs than they actually are. By taking the view that the influence of thermal bridges, regardless of their type and character, is treated as an arbitrary magnification of surface transmission loss in the function of magnifying the surface of the thermal envelope, the real impact of both linear and point heat losses is neglected. While the issue of an adequate calculation of linear losses is directly related to the way of designing the building, that is, to the conception of details, the question of the impact of point losses is a consequence of the structure of thermal envelope elements. The paper presents two types of critical cases of thermal bridges: the treatment of linear thermal bridges for which research has shown that their influence can significantly exceed those envisaged by the current rulebook, and the influence of point heat bridges, as seen in the specific case of ventilated façades in which this problem is present.",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd",
journal = "IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science",
title = "Lack of regulation on the energy efficiency in Serbia in terms of the assessment of the impact of thermal bridges",
volume = "410",
pages = "1-11",
doi = "10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012077"
}

Rajčić, A., Đukanović, L.,& Radivojević, A.. (2020). Lack of regulation on the energy efficiency in Serbia in terms of the assessment of the impact of thermal bridges. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
IOP Publishing Ltd., 410, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012077

Rajčić A, Đukanović L, Radivojević A. Lack of regulation on the energy efficiency in Serbia in terms of the assessment of the impact of thermal bridges. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020;410:1-11.
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012077 .

Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, "Lack of regulation on the energy efficiency in Serbia in terms of the assessment of the impact of thermal bridges" in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 410 (2020):1-11,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/410/1/012077 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ђукановић, Љиљана
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/571
AB  - Међуратни период карактеришу убрзана урбанизација града и велики обим стамбене изградње, која и поред тога није могла да одговори на високу потражњу станова, услед наглог
повећања броја становника. Грађени су луксузни велики станови, у зградама од чврстог материјала, и мали дворишни станови у трошним кућама, за сиромашно радничко становништво.
У раду су истражена грађевинска достигнућа и технике грађења које су примењиване у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду, када је фокус био на солидно грађеним
зградама које и данас чине стамбени фонд града. Овај период представља наставак примене
зидова зиданих опеком као доминантним материјалом, а највише промена и иновативних решења показало се и применило на међуспратним конструкцијама те је њихов развој био прогресиван искорак у решавању конструктивних елемената. Новину у грађењу представља већа
употреба армираног бетона, превасходно у изради међуспратних конструкција и темеља, док
опека и даље остаје једини материјал за израду зидова. Између два рата знатно се унапређује
техничка регулатива нарочито усвајањем Грађевинског закона 1931. године.
Рад је део ширег и временски обухватнијег истраживања техника грађења у стамбеној
архитектури Београда, спроведеног за потребе дефинисања типологије склопова елемената
конструкције, с циљем да се валоризује квалитет стамбеног комфора београдских зграда
AB  - The interwar period was marked by a progressive urbanisation of the city of Belgrade and
considerable residential construction works, which nevertheless could not respond to the
high demand for housing caused by the rapid population growth. Large, luxurious apartments
were built in buildings made of solid material, as well as small, courtyard flats in dilapidated
houses intended for the poor working class. The paper explores construction achievements
and techniques applied in the residential architecture of Belgrade during the interwar period,
focusing on solid buildings that make up the housing stock of the city even to this day. From the
perspective of the civil engineering development, the period between the two world wars saw
the continual usage of massive structures and bricks as dominant masonry material, while the
greatest number of changes and innovative solutions could be seen in the construction of floors,
the development of which represented a significant breakthrough regarding the construction
elements used in residential buildings. The novelty was a greater usage of reinforced concrete that
was predominantly used for the construction of floors and foundations, while bricks remained
the only wall-building material. That period saw a significant improvement of the technical
legislation, primarily through the adoption of the 1931 Construction Law. The paper is part of
a more comprehensive research covering a wider period of time that looks into the construction
techniques applied in the residential architecture of Belgrade, and which was conducted for the
purpose of setting up the typology of construction assembly elements with the general view to
valorising the comfort in Belgrade residential buildings.
PB  - Београд : Завод за заштиту споменика културе града Београда
T2  - Наслеђе = Heritage
T1  - Технике грађења и развој грађевинске делатности у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду
IS  - 20
SP  - 69
EP  - 87
DO  - 10.5937/nasledje1920069Q
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ђукановић, Љиљана",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Међуратни период карактеришу убрзана урбанизација града и велики обим стамбене изградње, која и поред тога није могла да одговори на високу потражњу станова, услед наглог
повећања броја становника. Грађени су луксузни велики станови, у зградама од чврстог материјала, и мали дворишни станови у трошним кућама, за сиромашно радничко становништво.
У раду су истражена грађевинска достигнућа и технике грађења које су примењиване у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду, када је фокус био на солидно грађеним
зградама које и данас чине стамбени фонд града. Овај период представља наставак примене
зидова зиданих опеком као доминантним материјалом, а највише промена и иновативних решења показало се и применило на међуспратним конструкцијама те је њихов развој био прогресиван искорак у решавању конструктивних елемената. Новину у грађењу представља већа
употреба армираног бетона, превасходно у изради међуспратних конструкција и темеља, док
опека и даље остаје једини материјал за израду зидова. Између два рата знатно се унапређује
техничка регулатива нарочито усвајањем Грађевинског закона 1931. године.
Рад је део ширег и временски обухватнијег истраживања техника грађења у стамбеној
архитектури Београда, спроведеног за потребе дефинисања типологије склопова елемената
конструкције, с циљем да се валоризује квалитет стамбеног комфора београдских зграда, The interwar period was marked by a progressive urbanisation of the city of Belgrade and
considerable residential construction works, which nevertheless could not respond to the
high demand for housing caused by the rapid population growth. Large, luxurious apartments
were built in buildings made of solid material, as well as small, courtyard flats in dilapidated
houses intended for the poor working class. The paper explores construction achievements
and techniques applied in the residential architecture of Belgrade during the interwar period,
focusing on solid buildings that make up the housing stock of the city even to this day. From the
perspective of the civil engineering development, the period between the two world wars saw
the continual usage of massive structures and bricks as dominant masonry material, while the
greatest number of changes and innovative solutions could be seen in the construction of floors,
the development of which represented a significant breakthrough regarding the construction
elements used in residential buildings. The novelty was a greater usage of reinforced concrete that
was predominantly used for the construction of floors and foundations, while bricks remained
the only wall-building material. That period saw a significant improvement of the technical
legislation, primarily through the adoption of the 1931 Construction Law. The paper is part of
a more comprehensive research covering a wider period of time that looks into the construction
techniques applied in the residential architecture of Belgrade, and which was conducted for the
purpose of setting up the typology of construction assembly elements with the general view to
valorising the comfort in Belgrade residential buildings.",
publisher = "Београд : Завод за заштиту споменика културе града Београда",
journal = "Наслеђе = Heritage",
title = "Технике грађења и развој грађевинске делатности у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду",
number = "20",
pages = "69-87",
doi = "10.5937/nasledje1920069Q"
}

Ђукановић, Љ.. (2019). Технике грађења и развој грађевинске делатности у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду. in Наслеђе = Heritage
Београд : Завод за заштиту споменика културе града Београда.(20), 69-87.
https://doi.org/10.5937/nasledje1920069Q

Ђукановић Љ. Технике грађења и развој грађевинске делатности у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду. in Наслеђе = Heritage. 2019;(20):69-87.
doi:10.5937/nasledje1920069Q .

Ђукановић, Љиљана, "Технике грађења и развој грађевинске делатности у стамбеној архитектури Београда у међуратном периоду" in Наслеђе = Heritage, no. 20 (2019):69-87,
https://doi.org/10.5937/nasledje1920069Q . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/824
AB  - Modern design and construction strives to establish an appropriate relationship between
three characteristic poles: man – the user, the building, and the environment. This chapter
seeks to highlight this problem by considering the relevant characteristics of the building’s
thermal envelope, i.e. the impact that the choice of materials has on the behaviour of the
building as a whole. Today, we are intrigued by the behaviour of a building as a system,
mostly through the prism of the amount of energy it consumes during its existence.
On the one hand, this leads us to the need for adequate knowledge of the basic principles
of building physics, and on the other, to the awareness of the relevant properties of
the materials that we use in the construction process, in order to meet the comfort
requirements of the user. Although this chapter emphasises the problem of meeting the
thermal comfort requirements, in the example of the review and analysis of characteristic
types of residential buildings in the Belgrade area, the scope of meeting the overall comfort
requirements has been considered, as well as the interdependence that exists between
different types of comfort (thermal, indoor air, sound, and light).
PB  - Delft : TU Delft Open
T2  - Energy: resources and building performance
T1  - Material Aspect of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Buildings
SP  - 61
EP  - 86
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_824
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Radivojević, Ana and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Modern design and construction strives to establish an appropriate relationship between
three characteristic poles: man – the user, the building, and the environment. This chapter
seeks to highlight this problem by considering the relevant characteristics of the building’s
thermal envelope, i.e. the impact that the choice of materials has on the behaviour of the
building as a whole. Today, we are intrigued by the behaviour of a building as a system,
mostly through the prism of the amount of energy it consumes during its existence.
On the one hand, this leads us to the need for adequate knowledge of the basic principles
of building physics, and on the other, to the awareness of the relevant properties of
the materials that we use in the construction process, in order to meet the comfort
requirements of the user. Although this chapter emphasises the problem of meeting the
thermal comfort requirements, in the example of the review and analysis of characteristic
types of residential buildings in the Belgrade area, the scope of meeting the overall comfort
requirements has been considered, as well as the interdependence that exists between
different types of comfort (thermal, indoor air, sound, and light).",
publisher = "Delft : TU Delft Open",
journal = "Energy: resources and building performance",
booktitle = "Material Aspect of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Buildings",
pages = "61-86",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_824"
}

Radivojević, A.,& Đukanović, L.. (2018). Material Aspect of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Buildings. in Energy: resources and building performance
Delft : TU Delft Open., 61-86.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_824

Radivojević A, Đukanović L. Material Aspect of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Buildings. in Energy: resources and building performance. 2018;:61-86.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_824 .

Radivojević, Ana, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Material Aspect of Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Buildings" in Energy: resources and building performance (2018):61-86,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_824 .

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Jovanović Popović, Milica
AU  - Ignjatović, Dušan
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Nedić, Miloš
AU  - Stanković, Bojana
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Živković, Branislav
AU  - Sretenović, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurišić, Željko
AU  - Kotur, Dimitrije
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/821
AB  - Монографија ”Национална типологија предшколских установа, представља основне карактеристике корпуса предшколских зграда Србије сумарно на нивоу Србије као и по усвојеној периодизацији односно детаљно приказане индивидуалне типове предшколских зграда са свим материјално техничким карактеристикама, нивоом енергетске ефикасности уз дефинисање модалитета унапређења и потенцијала уштеде енергије односно смањења емисије угљен диоксида.
AB  - Monograph “National Typology of Kindergarten Buildings in Serbia, presents basic characteristics of kindergarten buildings stock in Serbia cumulatively at the level of Serbia, and by the adopted periodization, i.e. in depth presentation of individual types of kindergarten buildings with all material and technical characteristics, energy efficiency level, with defined modalities for their improvement and potential for energy savings/ CO2 emission reduction.
PB  - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
T1  - National Typology of Kindergartens in Serbia
T1  - Национална типологија зграда предшколских установа Србије
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_821
ER  - 

@book{
author = "Jovanović Popović, Milica and Ignjatović, Dušan and Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Nedić, Miloš and Stanković, Bojana and Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Živković, Branislav and Sretenović, Aleksandra and Đurišić, Željko and Kotur, Dimitrije",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Монографија ”Национална типологија предшколских установа, представља основне карактеристике корпуса предшколских зграда Србије сумарно на нивоу Србије као и по усвојеној периодизацији односно детаљно приказане индивидуалне типове предшколских зграда са свим материјално техничким карактеристикама, нивоом енергетске ефикасности уз дефинисање модалитета унапређења и потенцијала уштеде енергије односно смањења емисије угљен диоксида., Monograph “National Typology of Kindergarten Buildings in Serbia, presents basic characteristics of kindergarten buildings stock in Serbia cumulatively at the level of Serbia, and by the adopted periodization, i.e. in depth presentation of individual types of kindergarten buildings with all material and technical characteristics, energy efficiency level, with defined modalities for their improvement and potential for energy savings/ CO2 emission reduction.",
publisher = "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH",
title = "National Typology of Kindergartens in Serbia, Национална типологија зграда предшколских установа Србије",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_821"
}

Jovanović Popović, M., Ignjatović, D., Rajčić, A., Đukanović, L., Nedić, M., Stanković, B., Ćuković Ignjatović, N., Živković, B., Sretenović, A., Đurišić, Ž.,& Kotur, D.. (2018). National Typology of Kindergartens in Serbia. 
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_821

Jovanović Popović M, Ignjatović D, Rajčić A, Đukanović L, Nedić M, Stanković B, Ćuković Ignjatović N, Živković B, Sretenović A, Đurišić Ž, Kotur D. National Typology of Kindergartens in Serbia. 2018;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_821 .

Jovanović Popović, Milica, Ignjatović, Dušan, Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Nedić, Miloš, Stanković, Bojana, Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Živković, Branislav, Sretenović, Aleksandra, Đurišić, Željko, Kotur, Dimitrije, "National Typology of Kindergartens in Serbia" (2018),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_821 .

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Jovanović Popović, Milica
AU  - Ignjatović, Dušan
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Nedić, Miloš
AU  - Stanković, Bojana
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Živković, Branislav
AU  - Sretenović, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurišić, Željko
AU  - Kotur, Dimitrije
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/823
AB  - Монографија ”Национална типологија школских зграда Србије” представља основне карактеристике корпуса школских зграда Србије сумарно на нивоу Србије као и по усвојеној периодизацији односно детаљно приказане индивидуалне типове школских зграда са свим материјално техничким карактеристикама, нивоом енергетске ефикасности уз дефинисање модалитета унапређења и потенцијала уштеде енергије односно смањења емисије угљен диоксида.
AB  - Monograph “National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia” presents basic characteristics of school buildings stock in Serbia cumulatively at the level of Serbia, and by the adopted periodization, i.e. in depth presentation of individual types of school buildings with all material and technical characteristics, energy efficiency level, with defined modalities for their improvement and potential for energy savings/ CO2 emission reduction.
PB  - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
T1  - National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia
T1  - Национална типлогија школских зграда Србије
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_823
ER  - 

@book{
author = "Jovanović Popović, Milica and Ignjatović, Dušan and Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Nedić, Miloš and Stanković, Bojana and Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Živković, Branislav and Sretenović, Aleksandra and Đurišić, Željko and Kotur, Dimitrije",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Монографија ”Национална типологија школских зграда Србије” представља основне карактеристике корпуса школских зграда Србије сумарно на нивоу Србије као и по усвојеној периодизацији односно детаљно приказане индивидуалне типове школских зграда са свим материјално техничким карактеристикама, нивоом енергетске ефикасности уз дефинисање модалитета унапређења и потенцијала уштеде енергије односно смањења емисије угљен диоксида., Monograph “National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia” presents basic characteristics of school buildings stock in Serbia cumulatively at the level of Serbia, and by the adopted periodization, i.e. in depth presentation of individual types of school buildings with all material and technical characteristics, energy efficiency level, with defined modalities for their improvement and potential for energy savings/ CO2 emission reduction.",
publisher = "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH",
title = "National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia, Национална типлогија школских зграда Србије",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_823"
}

Jovanović Popović, M., Ignjatović, D., Rajčić, A., Đukanović, L., Nedić, M., Stanković, B., Ćuković Ignjatović, N., Živković, B., Sretenović, A., Đurišić, Ž.,& Kotur, D.. (2018). National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia. 
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_823

Jovanović Popović M, Ignjatović D, Rajčić A, Đukanović L, Nedić M, Stanković B, Ćuković Ignjatović N, Živković B, Sretenović A, Đurišić Ž, Kotur D. National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia. 2018;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_823 .

Jovanović Popović, Milica, Ignjatović, Dušan, Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Nedić, Miloš, Stanković, Bojana, Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Živković, Branislav, Sretenović, Aleksandra, Đurišić, Željko, Kotur, Dimitrije, "National Typology of School Buildings in Serbia" (2018),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_823 .

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Jovanović Popović, Milica
AU  - Ignjatović, Dušan
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Nedić, Miloš
AU  - Stanković, Bojana
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Živković, Branislav
AU  - Sretenović, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurišić, Željko
AU  - Kotur, Dimitrije
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/822
AB  - Монографија ”Зграде школских и предшколских установа – методолошки оквир формирања типологије и побољшања енергетске ефикасности” представља теоретску подлогу рада и основне принципе истраживања којим су посебно обухваћени: историјски преглед развоја зграда школских и предшколских установа, развој регулативе ове области, методологија вршења пописа и формирања типологије зграда, принципи унапређења и прорачун потенцијалне уштеде енергије као и смањења емисије угљен-диоксида кроз процесе енергетске обнове зграда на нивоу Републике Србије.
AB  - Monograph “School and Kindergarten Buildings- a methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency” represents a theoretical basis of our work and basic research principles, especially covering the following: historical overview of the school and kindergarten buildings development, development of legislation in this area, methodology for taking inventory and forming the typology of buildings, improvement principles and calculation of potential energy savings and CO2 emission reduction via the processes of energy rehabilitation of buildings in the Republic of Serbia.
PB  - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
T1  - School and Kindergarten Buildings - A methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency
T1  - Зграде школских и предшколских установа - методолошки оквир формирања типологије и побољшања енергетске ефикасности
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_822
ER  - 

@book{
author = "Jovanović Popović, Milica and Ignjatović, Dušan and Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Nedić, Miloš and Stanković, Bojana and Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Živković, Branislav and Sretenović, Aleksandra and Đurišić, Željko and Kotur, Dimitrije",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Монографија ”Зграде школских и предшколских установа – методолошки оквир формирања типологије и побољшања енергетске ефикасности” представља теоретску подлогу рада и основне принципе истраживања којим су посебно обухваћени: историјски преглед развоја зграда школских и предшколских установа, развој регулативе ове области, методологија вршења пописа и формирања типологије зграда, принципи унапређења и прорачун потенцијалне уштеде енергије као и смањења емисије угљен-диоксида кроз процесе енергетске обнове зграда на нивоу Републике Србије., Monograph “School and Kindergarten Buildings- a methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency” represents a theoretical basis of our work and basic research principles, especially covering the following: historical overview of the school and kindergarten buildings development, development of legislation in this area, methodology for taking inventory and forming the typology of buildings, improvement principles and calculation of potential energy savings and CO2 emission reduction via the processes of energy rehabilitation of buildings in the Republic of Serbia.",
publisher = "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH",
title = "School and Kindergarten Buildings - A methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency, Зграде школских и предшколских установа - методолошки оквир формирања типологије и побољшања енергетске ефикасности",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_822"
}

Jovanović Popović, M., Ignjatović, D., Rajčić, A., Đukanović, L., Nedić, M., Stanković, B., Ćuković Ignjatović, N., Živković, B., Sretenović, A., Đurišić, Ž.,& Kotur, D.. (2018). School and Kindergarten Buildings - A methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency. 
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH..
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_822

Jovanović Popović M, Ignjatović D, Rajčić A, Đukanović L, Nedić M, Stanković B, Ćuković Ignjatović N, Živković B, Sretenović A, Đurišić Ž, Kotur D. School and Kindergarten Buildings - A methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency. 2018;.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_822 .

Jovanović Popović, Milica, Ignjatović, Dušan, Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Nedić, Miloš, Stanković, Bojana, Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Živković, Branislav, Sretenović, Aleksandra, Đurišić, Željko, Kotur, Dimitrije, "School and Kindergarten Buildings - A methodological framework for the formation of typology and the improvement of energy efficiency" (2018),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_822 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Ignjatović, Dušan
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/643
AB  - Sustainability and resilience of public buildings nowadays represent key features that transcend
the functional and institutional role of their physical structures. In contemporary societies,
public buildings are often envisioned as model buildings as well, serving as good practice
examples, demonstrating the immediate and long-term benefits of green building principles.
School buildings play a very important role in this communication, and in developed countries
they themselves serve as a learning tool. Being educated in a green and energy efficient building,
students adopt building’s design and operation features as everyday standard, transferring
the same design and operational modelsas well as comfort levels (expectations) to their future
working and living spaces.The wider effect on the local community is similar. The average
lifespan of school buildings implies the necessity to pay special attention to refurbishment of
these structures enabling prolonged and contemporary use.Within a project “Energy efficiency
in public buildings”, a collaboration between GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit), University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture and Ministry of Mining and
Energy of the Republic of Serbia, special attention was paid to the school buildings. National
Typology of School Buildings was conceived as a tool for improving this portion of building
stock. A nationwide survey was conducted, covering 3990 public buildings with apurposely
developed questionnaire for schools and kindergartens, resulting in formulation of unique database
of these buildings (1857 schools). The paper presents methodology for identification of
typical school buildings, covering various construction periods and building sizes. The paper
further illustrates the type of analysis performed for type representatives, estimated potential
for energy upgrades and expected impact on energy performance. The expected impact on
local and national level is also being assessed.
PB  - Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture
C3  - Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]
T1  - Typology of school buildings in Serbia: a tool for sustainable energy refurbishment
SP  - 357
EP  - 363
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_643
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Ignjatović, Dušan and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Sustainability and resilience of public buildings nowadays represent key features that transcend
the functional and institutional role of their physical structures. In contemporary societies,
public buildings are often envisioned as model buildings as well, serving as good practice
examples, demonstrating the immediate and long-term benefits of green building principles.
School buildings play a very important role in this communication, and in developed countries
they themselves serve as a learning tool. Being educated in a green and energy efficient building,
students adopt building’s design and operation features as everyday standard, transferring
the same design and operational modelsas well as comfort levels (expectations) to their future
working and living spaces.The wider effect on the local community is similar. The average
lifespan of school buildings implies the necessity to pay special attention to refurbishment of
these structures enabling prolonged and contemporary use.Within a project “Energy efficiency
in public buildings”, a collaboration between GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale
Zusammenarbeit), University of Belgrade – Faculty of Architecture and Ministry of Mining and
Energy of the Republic of Serbia, special attention was paid to the school buildings. National
Typology of School Buildings was conceived as a tool for improving this portion of building
stock. A nationwide survey was conducted, covering 3990 public buildings with apurposely
developed questionnaire for schools and kindergartens, resulting in formulation of unique database
of these buildings (1857 schools). The paper presents methodology for identification of
typical school buildings, covering various construction periods and building sizes. The paper
further illustrates the type of analysis performed for type representatives, estimated potential
for energy upgrades and expected impact on energy performance. The expected impact on
local and national level is also being assessed.",
publisher = "Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture",
journal = "Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]",
title = "Typology of school buildings in Serbia: a tool for sustainable energy refurbishment",
pages = "357-363",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_643"
}

Ćuković Ignjatović, N., Ignjatović, D.,& Đukanović, L.. (2018). Typology of school buildings in Serbia: a tool for sustainable energy refurbishment. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]
Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture., 357-363.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_643

Ćuković Ignjatović N, Ignjatović D, Đukanović L. Typology of school buildings in Serbia: a tool for sustainable energy refurbishment. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]. 2018;:357-363.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_643 .

Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Ignjatović, Dušan, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Typology of school buildings in Serbia: a tool for sustainable energy refurbishment" in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade] (2018):357-363,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_643 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša
AU  - Jovanović Popović, Milica
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/637
AB  - Improving the energy characteristics of public buildings in Serbia is a current topic investigated
in two parallel projects carried out by the same research team from University of Belgrade
Faculty of Architecture, which are both distinct in the formation and structuring of databases
and the definition of their methodologies. The first project,Energy Efficiency in Public
Buildings, is supportedbythe GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
and the Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia, and focuses on schools
and preschool facilities; the second project, Empower public authorities to establish
long-term strategies of renovation of public buildings (EmBuild), is part of the Horizon
2020Project. The starting point for both projects is creating a quality and target-oriented
database of energy characteristics of public buildings. The present paper will analyze the methodological
approaches in formation of databases and compare their ultimate goals and results.
PB  - Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture
C3  - Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]
T1  - Data collection methods for assessment of public building stock refurbishment potential
SP  - 157
EP  - 164
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_637
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Đukanović, Ljiljana and Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša and Jovanović Popović, Milica",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Improving the energy characteristics of public buildings in Serbia is a current topic investigated
in two parallel projects carried out by the same research team from University of Belgrade
Faculty of Architecture, which are both distinct in the formation and structuring of databases
and the definition of their methodologies. The first project,Energy Efficiency in Public
Buildings, is supportedbythe GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
and the Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia, and focuses on schools
and preschool facilities; the second project, Empower public authorities to establish
long-term strategies of renovation of public buildings (EmBuild), is part of the Horizon
2020Project. The starting point for both projects is creating a quality and target-oriented
database of energy characteristics of public buildings. The present paper will analyze the methodological
approaches in formation of databases and compare their ultimate goals and results.",
publisher = "Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture",
journal = "Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]",
title = "Data collection methods for assessment of public building stock refurbishment potential",
pages = "157-164",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_637"
}

Đukanović, L., Ćuković Ignjatović, N.,& Jovanović Popović, M.. (2018). Data collection methods for assessment of public building stock refurbishment potential. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]
Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture., 157-164.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_637

Đukanović L, Ćuković Ignjatović N, Jovanović Popović M. Data collection methods for assessment of public building stock refurbishment potential. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]. 2018;:157-164.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_637 .

Đukanović, Ljiljana, Ćuković Ignjatović, Nataša, Jovanović Popović, Milica, "Data collection methods for assessment of public building stock refurbishment potential" in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade] (2018):157-164,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_637 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/779
AB  - Energy rehabilitation of facades of residential buildings is a process aiming to improve housing comfort and save operational energy. In the case of multi-family housing in Serbia, this procedure often involves partial interventions on the facade, which are mainly due to limited investments and lack of consensus at the building level to implement a comprehensive rehabilitation process.
There are currently several approaches, such as: 1) replacement of facade joinery as a measure taken by tenants most often individually, without synchronization at the building level; 2) thermal insulation of the facade as a technologically more complex measure in which, in certain cases, due to the lack of agreement between all users of the building, certain façade zones remain uninsulated; 3) in rare cases, repair of leaking of flat roofs, with integrated complete or partial thermal insulation.
The paper analyses several situations arising as a result of partial interventions for which, in accordance with EN 10211, a numerical simulation was performed using the T-Studio software. It has been found that the problems caused by a partial insulation of the facade or a partial replacement of facade joinery lead to the occurrence of thermal bridges and increase of the heat flow in certain areas of structures with a reduction in internal contact temperature, which increases the risk of condensation, with consequences in the form of development of mould and of microorganisms, which leads to reduction of life comfort and possible specific diseases of the user. Such negative phenomena occur both, in the apartments whose owners did not participate in the process of energy rehabilitation of facades, and in the contact zones of energy rehabilitated apartments, which, in this way, lose their invested assets and the expected effects of energy savings.
PB  - Monfalcone (Gorizia) : EdicomEdizioni
C3  - Proceedings of Seismic and Energy Renovation for Sustainable Cities : SER4SC, 2018
T1  - Partial interventions on the facades in the process of energy renovation of residential buildings - examples from the Serbian construction practice
SP  - 540
EP  - 550
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_779
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Energy rehabilitation of facades of residential buildings is a process aiming to improve housing comfort and save operational energy. In the case of multi-family housing in Serbia, this procedure often involves partial interventions on the facade, which are mainly due to limited investments and lack of consensus at the building level to implement a comprehensive rehabilitation process.
There are currently several approaches, such as: 1) replacement of facade joinery as a measure taken by tenants most often individually, without synchronization at the building level; 2) thermal insulation of the facade as a technologically more complex measure in which, in certain cases, due to the lack of agreement between all users of the building, certain façade zones remain uninsulated; 3) in rare cases, repair of leaking of flat roofs, with integrated complete or partial thermal insulation.
The paper analyses several situations arising as a result of partial interventions for which, in accordance with EN 10211, a numerical simulation was performed using the T-Studio software. It has been found that the problems caused by a partial insulation of the facade or a partial replacement of facade joinery lead to the occurrence of thermal bridges and increase of the heat flow in certain areas of structures with a reduction in internal contact temperature, which increases the risk of condensation, with consequences in the form of development of mould and of microorganisms, which leads to reduction of life comfort and possible specific diseases of the user. Such negative phenomena occur both, in the apartments whose owners did not participate in the process of energy rehabilitation of facades, and in the contact zones of energy rehabilitated apartments, which, in this way, lose their invested assets and the expected effects of energy savings.",
publisher = "Monfalcone (Gorizia) : EdicomEdizioni",
journal = "Proceedings of Seismic and Energy Renovation for Sustainable Cities : SER4SC, 2018",
title = "Partial interventions on the facades in the process of energy renovation of residential buildings - examples from the Serbian construction practice",
pages = "540-550",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_779"
}

Rajčić, A., Đukanović, L.,& Radivojević, A.. (2018). Partial interventions on the facades in the process of energy renovation of residential buildings - examples from the Serbian construction practice. in Proceedings of Seismic and Energy Renovation for Sustainable Cities : SER4SC, 2018
Monfalcone (Gorizia) : EdicomEdizioni., 540-550.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_779

Rajčić A, Đukanović L, Radivojević A. Partial interventions on the facades in the process of energy renovation of residential buildings - examples from the Serbian construction practice. in Proceedings of Seismic and Energy Renovation for Sustainable Cities : SER4SC, 2018. 2018;:540-550.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_779 .

Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, "Partial interventions on the facades in the process of energy renovation of residential buildings - examples from the Serbian construction practice" in Proceedings of Seismic and Energy Renovation for Sustainable Cities : SER4SC, 2018 (2018):540-550,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_779 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/649
AB  - Regulations governing the relevant procedures for the energy certification of buildings in Serbia
do not consider the impact of users’ behaviour on the level of heat loss or gain. In the
case of solar heat gains, the gains are calculated both through transparent, as well as through
non-transparent thermal envelope positions. Solar gains through transparent parts - windows
and balcony doors are dominant, and depend on thermal properties of windows, orientation,
shadings. In this regard, the regulation stipulates that all transparent (and semi-transparent)
surfaces in the residential areas, other than those oriented to the north, northeast and northwest,
must have non-transparent protection from direct solar radiation in the summer period.
Shading elements can be permanent and movable, and their shading effect is defined by the
standard EN 13790.
Users express different attitude towards the possibilities of solar gains provided through the
glazed parts. This is mainly determined by the dynamics of moving (lifting) the shadings, which
depends on their presence and, to a large extent, on the heating system (with the assumption
that in buildings connected to the district heating system and the lump sum of heat consumption
per m2, users are not motivated to contribute actively to the heat gains).
The paper analyses the ratio of lifted / lowered (outer) shadings at different times of the day
in the winter period on several examples of collective housing in Belgrade, with the aim of
establishing the effective calculated area of the window for solar gains. The comparison of the
obtained results with the parameters of the reduction due to sun protection equipment defined
by the standard EN 13790, aims to establish and promote the design values that are realistic
for use in the energy certification procedure of residential buildings.
PB  - Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture
C3  - Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]
T1  - The impact of users’ behaviour on solar gains in residential buildings
SP  - 509
EP  - 516
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_649
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Rajčić, Aleksandar and Radivojević, Ana and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Regulations governing the relevant procedures for the energy certification of buildings in Serbia
do not consider the impact of users’ behaviour on the level of heat loss or gain. In the
case of solar heat gains, the gains are calculated both through transparent, as well as through
non-transparent thermal envelope positions. Solar gains through transparent parts - windows
and balcony doors are dominant, and depend on thermal properties of windows, orientation,
shadings. In this regard, the regulation stipulates that all transparent (and semi-transparent)
surfaces in the residential areas, other than those oriented to the north, northeast and northwest,
must have non-transparent protection from direct solar radiation in the summer period.
Shading elements can be permanent and movable, and their shading effect is defined by the
standard EN 13790.
Users express different attitude towards the possibilities of solar gains provided through the
glazed parts. This is mainly determined by the dynamics of moving (lifting) the shadings, which
depends on their presence and, to a large extent, on the heating system (with the assumption
that in buildings connected to the district heating system and the lump sum of heat consumption
per m2, users are not motivated to contribute actively to the heat gains).
The paper analyses the ratio of lifted / lowered (outer) shadings at different times of the day
in the winter period on several examples of collective housing in Belgrade, with the aim of
establishing the effective calculated area of the window for solar gains. The comparison of the
obtained results with the parameters of the reduction due to sun protection equipment defined
by the standard EN 13790, aims to establish and promote the design values that are realistic
for use in the energy certification procedure of residential buildings.",
publisher = "Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture",
journal = "Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]",
title = "The impact of users’ behaviour on solar gains in residential buildings",
pages = "509-516",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_649"
}

Rajčić, A., Radivojević, A.,& Đukanović, L.. (2018). The impact of users’ behaviour on solar gains in residential buildings. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]
Belgrade : University, Faculty of Architecture., 509-516.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_649

Rajčić A, Radivojević A, Đukanović L. The impact of users’ behaviour on solar gains in residential buildings. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade]. 2018;:509-516.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_649 .

Rajčić, Aleksandar, Radivojević, Ana, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "The impact of users’ behaviour on solar gains in residential buildings" in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 5th international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [Belgrade] (2018):509-516,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_649 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/307
AB  - Following the guidance set by the Directive on the energy performance of buildings (recast) (EPBD2), current regulations in Serbia which refer to the issue of energy efficiency and energy certification of buildings provides an opportunity of certification of selected unit of a building, such as a dwelling. This measure was set in order to make it possible for owners or tenants of the building or the building unit to assess and compare its energy performance. From the user's perspective this measure is very important since, apart from reviewing the quality or the deficiencies of space in which they live, it would be an important parameter of economic evaluation of the apartment in the future. As energy performance of the apartment is not a priori identical to that of the whole building, the paper will analyze and compare these values for different positions in a horizontal and vertical plan of the same apartment within the building. Comparison of the results obtained for individual dwellings and for a building as a whole, will provide insight into the extent to which the disposition and the orientation of the apartment affect its energy performance.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd
T2  - Thermal Science
T1  - E(nergy) p(erformance) c(ertificate) of buildings and dwellings Influence of Disposition and Orientation
VL  - 22
SP  - 1129
EP  - 1141
DO  - 10.2298/TSCI170529220R
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Following the guidance set by the Directive on the energy performance of buildings (recast) (EPBD2), current regulations in Serbia which refer to the issue of energy efficiency and energy certification of buildings provides an opportunity of certification of selected unit of a building, such as a dwelling. This measure was set in order to make it possible for owners or tenants of the building or the building unit to assess and compare its energy performance. From the user's perspective this measure is very important since, apart from reviewing the quality or the deficiencies of space in which they live, it would be an important parameter of economic evaluation of the apartment in the future. As energy performance of the apartment is not a priori identical to that of the whole building, the paper will analyze and compare these values for different positions in a horizontal and vertical plan of the same apartment within the building. Comparison of the results obtained for individual dwellings and for a building as a whole, will provide insight into the extent to which the disposition and the orientation of the apartment affect its energy performance.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd",
journal = "Thermal Science",
title = "E(nergy) p(erformance) c(ertificate) of buildings and dwellings Influence of Disposition and Orientation",
volume = "22",
pages = "1129-1141",
doi = "10.2298/TSCI170529220R"
}

Rajčić, A., Đukanović, L.,& Radivojević, A.. (2018). E(nergy) p(erformance) c(ertificate) of buildings and dwellings Influence of Disposition and Orientation. in Thermal Science
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd., 22, 1129-1141.
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170529220R

Rajčić A, Đukanović L, Radivojević A. E(nergy) p(erformance) c(ertificate) of buildings and dwellings Influence of Disposition and Orientation. in Thermal Science. 2018;22:1129-1141.
doi:10.2298/TSCI170529220R .

Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, "E(nergy) p(erformance) c(ertificate) of buildings and dwellings Influence of Disposition and Orientation" in Thermal Science, 22 (2018):1129-1141,
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170529220R . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jovanović-Popović, Milica
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Nedić, Miloš R.
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/296
AB  - By harmonizing national legislation to European codes concerning energy efficiency in building sector, Serbia took commitment to improve energy efficiency of national government buildings. Following the Directive 2012/27/EU principles, refurbishment of this part of building stock is recognized as a leading example in long-therm process of applying energy efficiency regulations at national level. Initial steps in implementation of adopted energy efficiency principles were made in Serbia during 2015, when first energy certificates for three most valuable buildings of national authorities (Government building, The National Assembly, and the Palace of Serbia) were issued. This paper will present results obtained during energy-assessment and energy-certification process of this particular buildings, showing at the same time their specificity, that pretty much traces possible category and range of proposed energy refurbishment scenarios.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd
T2  - Thermal Science
T1  - Energy refurbishment of public buildings under cultural heritage protection in Serbia Constraints and Potentials
VL  - 22
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1296
DO  - 10.2298/TSCI170601226J
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jovanović-Popović, Milica and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Nedić, Miloš R.",
year = "2018",
abstract = "By harmonizing national legislation to European codes concerning energy efficiency in building sector, Serbia took commitment to improve energy efficiency of national government buildings. Following the Directive 2012/27/EU principles, refurbishment of this part of building stock is recognized as a leading example in long-therm process of applying energy efficiency regulations at national level. Initial steps in implementation of adopted energy efficiency principles were made in Serbia during 2015, when first energy certificates for three most valuable buildings of national authorities (Government building, The National Assembly, and the Palace of Serbia) were issued. This paper will present results obtained during energy-assessment and energy-certification process of this particular buildings, showing at the same time their specificity, that pretty much traces possible category and range of proposed energy refurbishment scenarios.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd",
journal = "Thermal Science",
title = "Energy refurbishment of public buildings under cultural heritage protection in Serbia Constraints and Potentials",
volume = "22",
pages = "1285-1296",
doi = "10.2298/TSCI170601226J"
}

Jovanović-Popović, M., Đukanović, L.,& Nedić, M. R.. (2018). Energy refurbishment of public buildings under cultural heritage protection in Serbia Constraints and Potentials. in Thermal Science
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd., 22, 1285-1296.
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170601226J

Jovanović-Popović M, Đukanović L, Nedić MR. Energy refurbishment of public buildings under cultural heritage protection in Serbia Constraints and Potentials. in Thermal Science. 2018;22:1285-1296.
doi:10.2298/TSCI170601226J .

Jovanović-Popović, Milica, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Nedić, Miloš R., "Energy refurbishment of public buildings under cultural heritage protection in Serbia Constraints and Potentials" in Thermal Science, 22 (2018):1285-1296,
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170601226J . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Roter-Blagojević, Mirjana
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/691
AB  - This chapter discusses elements of sustainability related to the use of building materials in traditional houses in Serbia. After discussing the history and the socio-cultural context that contributed to the traditional architecture, the chapter further reviews basic types of rural and urban houses and typical structures and building materials that were used in their construction. Finally, the chapter traces and discusses the environmental features of building materials and structures.
PB  - Duxford, United Kingdom ; Cambridge, MA, United States : Woodhead Publishing Elsevier
T2  - Materials for a Healthy, Ecological and Sustainable Built Environment : Principles for Evaluation
T1  - Sustainability and the material aspect of traditional residential buildings in Serbia
SP  - 239
EP  - 254
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_691
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Radivojević, Ana and Roter-Blagojević, Mirjana and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "This chapter discusses elements of sustainability related to the use of building materials in traditional houses in Serbia. After discussing the history and the socio-cultural context that contributed to the traditional architecture, the chapter further reviews basic types of rural and urban houses and typical structures and building materials that were used in their construction. Finally, the chapter traces and discusses the environmental features of building materials and structures.",
publisher = "Duxford, United Kingdom ; Cambridge, MA, United States : Woodhead Publishing Elsevier",
journal = "Materials for a Healthy, Ecological and Sustainable Built Environment : Principles for Evaluation",
booktitle = "Sustainability and the material aspect of traditional residential buildings in Serbia",
pages = "239-254",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_691"
}

Radivojević, A., Roter-Blagojević, M.,& Đukanović, L.. (2017). Sustainability and the material aspect of traditional residential buildings in Serbia. in Materials for a Healthy, Ecological and Sustainable Built Environment : Principles for Evaluation
Duxford, United Kingdom ; Cambridge, MA, United States : Woodhead Publishing Elsevier., 239-254.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_691

Radivojević A, Roter-Blagojević M, Đukanović L. Sustainability and the material aspect of traditional residential buildings in Serbia. in Materials for a Healthy, Ecological and Sustainable Built Environment : Principles for Evaluation. 2017;:239-254.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_691 .

Radivojević, Ana, Roter-Blagojević, Mirjana, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Sustainability and the material aspect of traditional residential buildings in Serbia" in Materials for a Healthy, Ecological and Sustainable Built Environment : Principles for Evaluation (2017):239-254,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_691 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nenadović, Aleksandra
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/585
AB  - Integrated design represents a contemporary approach of conceiving and development of building projects. It is
defined as a design which results in buildings that successfully perform their function, in accordance with all aspects
of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. The key issues to be considered during the design are related
to the environmental protection, with special emphasis on harmful emissions, energy efficiency and materials and
waste, as well as to the social benefits for building users, with special emphasis on protection and safety, comfort,
spatial organization, space adaptability, maintenance and visual stimulation. This approach implies that different
disciplines are involved in the decision-making from the very beginning of design process, with the idea to respond
to the increasingly complex requirements. The paper discusses the innovative educational model, partially applied
within the studies of architecture at University of Belgrade, which should address this new reality. Whereas integrated
design requires system thinking and continuous interaction of all participants in the design process, research
strategies that cross the boundaries of individual disciplines are applied. The learning is based on the integration of
the theoretical knowledge in the field of architecture and engineering in function of problem-solving. It implies a holistic
view on the design, within which education, research and practice are integrated into a single process that encourages
critical thinking directed to multidisciplinary optimization of design solutions. The basic elements of the discussed
educational model are presented in this paper, as well as its potential and limitations.
PB  - Sarajevo : Arhitektonski fakultet
C3  - Keeping up with technologies in the context of urban and rural synergy [Elektronski izvor] : book of conference proceedings / [4th International academic conference] Places and technologies 2017, Sarajevo, June, 08th - 09th, 2017
T1  - Integrated design in the process of architectural education
SP  - 408
EP  - 416
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_585
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nenadović, Aleksandra and Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Integrated design represents a contemporary approach of conceiving and development of building projects. It is
defined as a design which results in buildings that successfully perform their function, in accordance with all aspects
of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. The key issues to be considered during the design are related
to the environmental protection, with special emphasis on harmful emissions, energy efficiency and materials and
waste, as well as to the social benefits for building users, with special emphasis on protection and safety, comfort,
spatial organization, space adaptability, maintenance and visual stimulation. This approach implies that different
disciplines are involved in the decision-making from the very beginning of design process, with the idea to respond
to the increasingly complex requirements. The paper discusses the innovative educational model, partially applied
within the studies of architecture at University of Belgrade, which should address this new reality. Whereas integrated
design requires system thinking and continuous interaction of all participants in the design process, research
strategies that cross the boundaries of individual disciplines are applied. The learning is based on the integration of
the theoretical knowledge in the field of architecture and engineering in function of problem-solving. It implies a holistic
view on the design, within which education, research and practice are integrated into a single process that encourages
critical thinking directed to multidisciplinary optimization of design solutions. The basic elements of the discussed
educational model are presented in this paper, as well as its potential and limitations.",
publisher = "Sarajevo : Arhitektonski fakultet",
journal = "Keeping up with technologies in the context of urban and rural synergy [Elektronski izvor] : book of conference proceedings / [4th International academic conference] Places and technologies 2017, Sarajevo, June, 08th - 09th, 2017",
title = "Integrated design in the process of architectural education",
pages = "408-416",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_585"
}

Nenadović, A., Đukanović, L.,& Radivojević, A.. (2017). Integrated design in the process of architectural education. in Keeping up with technologies in the context of urban and rural synergy [Elektronski izvor] : book of conference proceedings / [4th International academic conference] Places and technologies 2017, Sarajevo, June, 08th - 09th, 2017
Sarajevo : Arhitektonski fakultet., 408-416.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_585

Nenadović A, Đukanović L, Radivojević A. Integrated design in the process of architectural education. in Keeping up with technologies in the context of urban and rural synergy [Elektronski izvor] : book of conference proceedings / [4th International academic conference] Places and technologies 2017, Sarajevo, June, 08th - 09th, 2017. 2017;:408-416.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_585 .

Nenadović, Aleksandra, Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, "Integrated design in the process of architectural education" in Keeping up with technologies in the context of urban and rural synergy [Elektronski izvor] : book of conference proceedings / [4th International academic conference] Places and technologies 2017, Sarajevo, June, 08th - 09th, 2017 (2017):408-416,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_585 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/279
AB  - Due to the radical political, economic and social changes of the 19th century Belgrade saw a complete transformation from a ruined Ottoman town into a modern European one. Liberation from Turkish rule and stabilisation of political and economic conditions influenced the population growth and intensified building activity. Like other European capitals, Belgrade was being transformed architecturally and in its urban plan, gradually losing traits of an Oriental town. The adoption of new building techniques in the 19th century was a way for local civil engineering to harmonise with engineering practices of the developed Central European countries which had by then already adopted masonry structure. The article studies the transition in building forms from Oriental ones, largely charatcterised by timber-framed systems, to a brick-based construction system. This paper is part of a wider, more comprehensive research on building techniques in Belgrade’s residential architecture, undertaken to define the typology of construction systems, in order to evaluate the quality of residential comfort in the buildings of Belgrade.
AB  - Promene koje su se dogodile tokom 19. veka na političkom, ekonomskom i društvenom planu uticale su da Beograd doživi pot­puni preobražaj i od polurazrušene turske varoši preraste u moderan evropski grad. Oslobađanje od turske vlasti i stabilizacija političkih i ekonomskih prilika doprineli su porastu broja stanovnika u gradu i intenziviranju graditeljske delatnosti. Beograd, po uzoru na druge evropske prestonice, doživljava arhitektonski i urbanistički preobražaj i postepeno gubi dotadašnja obeležja orijentalne varoši. Prihvatanje novih tehnika građenja tokom 19. veka predstavljalo je način da se domaći sistemi građenja usaglase s masivnim zidanim sistemom u građenju kuća koji su već usvojile tehnički razvijenije srednjoevropske zemlje. U radu je istražen proces prelaska sa orijentalnog načina građenja, gde je bondruk bio neprikosnoveni sistem, na zidani masivni sklop sa opekom kao osnovnim materijalom konstrukcije. Rad je deo šireg i vremenski obuhvatnijeg istraživanja tehnika građenja u stambenoj arhitekturi Beograda, rađenog za potrebe definisanja tipologije sklopova elemenata konstrukcije s ciljem da se valorizuje kvalitet stambenog komfora beogradskih zgrada.
PB  - Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda, Beograd
T2  - Nasleđe
T1  - Development of construction techniques in residential architecture of Belgrade during the 19th and early 20th centuries
T1  - Razvoj tehnika građenja u stambenoj arhitekturi Beograda tokom 19. i početkom 20. veka
IS  - 18
SP  - 49
EP  - 63
DO  - 10.5937/nasledje1718049D
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Due to the radical political, economic and social changes of the 19th century Belgrade saw a complete transformation from a ruined Ottoman town into a modern European one. Liberation from Turkish rule and stabilisation of political and economic conditions influenced the population growth and intensified building activity. Like other European capitals, Belgrade was being transformed architecturally and in its urban plan, gradually losing traits of an Oriental town. The adoption of new building techniques in the 19th century was a way for local civil engineering to harmonise with engineering practices of the developed Central European countries which had by then already adopted masonry structure. The article studies the transition in building forms from Oriental ones, largely charatcterised by timber-framed systems, to a brick-based construction system. This paper is part of a wider, more comprehensive research on building techniques in Belgrade’s residential architecture, undertaken to define the typology of construction systems, in order to evaluate the quality of residential comfort in the buildings of Belgrade., Promene koje su se dogodile tokom 19. veka na političkom, ekonomskom i društvenom planu uticale su da Beograd doživi pot­puni preobražaj i od polurazrušene turske varoši preraste u moderan evropski grad. Oslobađanje od turske vlasti i stabilizacija političkih i ekonomskih prilika doprineli su porastu broja stanovnika u gradu i intenziviranju graditeljske delatnosti. Beograd, po uzoru na druge evropske prestonice, doživljava arhitektonski i urbanistički preobražaj i postepeno gubi dotadašnja obeležja orijentalne varoši. Prihvatanje novih tehnika građenja tokom 19. veka predstavljalo je način da se domaći sistemi građenja usaglase s masivnim zidanim sistemom u građenju kuća koji su već usvojile tehnički razvijenije srednjoevropske zemlje. U radu je istražen proces prelaska sa orijentalnog načina građenja, gde je bondruk bio neprikosnoveni sistem, na zidani masivni sklop sa opekom kao osnovnim materijalom konstrukcije. Rad je deo šireg i vremenski obuhvatnijeg istraživanja tehnika građenja u stambenoj arhitekturi Beograda, rađenog za potrebe definisanja tipologije sklopova elemenata konstrukcije s ciljem da se valorizuje kvalitet stambenog komfora beogradskih zgrada.",
publisher = "Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda, Beograd",
journal = "Nasleđe",
title = "Development of construction techniques in residential architecture of Belgrade during the 19th and early 20th centuries, Razvoj tehnika građenja u stambenoj arhitekturi Beograda tokom 19. i početkom 20. veka",
number = "18",
pages = "49-63",
doi = "10.5937/nasledje1718049D"
}

Đukanović, L.. (2017). Development of construction techniques in residential architecture of Belgrade during the 19th and early 20th centuries. in Nasleđe
Zavod za zaštitu spomenika kulture grada Beograda, Beograd.(18), 49-63.
https://doi.org/10.5937/nasledje1718049D

Đukanović L. Development of construction techniques in residential architecture of Belgrade during the 19th and early 20th centuries. in Nasleđe. 2017;(18):49-63.
doi:10.5937/nasledje1718049D .

Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Development of construction techniques in residential architecture of Belgrade during the 19th and early 20th centuries" in Nasleđe, no. 18 (2017):49-63,
https://doi.org/10.5937/nasledje1718049D . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Ђукановић, Љиљана
AU  - Игњатовић, Душан
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/778
AB  - Истраживање стамбеног фонда породичних кућа у Србији показује да са становишта енергетске ефикасности оне у великом проценту не одговарају савременим захтевима које прописује домаћа регулатива. Узимајући у обзир да је ромско становање одувек значајно одступало по стандардима комфора од просечног у Републици Србији, јасно је каква је очекивана слика постојећег стања стамбеног фонда Рома. Полазиште за анализу енергетских карактеристика ромских кућа представља њихова материјализација која у највећој мери одређује крајње ефекте не/постигнутих уштеда. У раду су анализиране четири зидане куће ромске популације и једна од лаких материјала, које илуструју типичне проблеме у материјализацији објеката, који се директно одражавају на укупне енергетске перформансе:  грађење  расположивим  материјалом,  комбиновање  различитих материјала у истом склопу, проблеми формирања спојева, заптивеност прозора и врата, изостанак термоизолационих материјала и финализирајућег слоја, про-блеми пробијања отвора у зидовима. Снимци термовизијском камером илуструју проблемска места и указују на недостатке у материјализацији објеката који су у највећој мери резултат грађења на нивоу структурног минимума.
AB  - The analysis of Serbian family housing shows that in terms of energy efficiency the existing housing stock largely fails to comply with the current regulatory requirements and comfort standards. having in mind that Roma housing has always been well below average in the Republic of Serbia, the performance of the current Roma housing stock can easily be anticipated. The materialization of Roma houses is the starting point for this study, as it largely determines the final effects of (in)effective energy savings. The paper presents an analysis of four Roma houses built in solid materials (masonry) and one constructed from lightweight materials; they illustrate typical problems related to the materialization of buildings that affect the overall energy performance: using any available construction material, combining different materials within the same structure, joints, unsealed windows and doors, no thermal insulation nor finishing, problems of forming facade openings. Thermal camera images illustrate these problematic issues and point to the materialization flaws that are mainly a result of building at the very edge of the structural minimum.
PB  - Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности
T2  - Становање Рома у Србији: стање и изазови
T1  - Енергетске карактеристике ромских кућа
T1  - Energy Features of Roma Houses
SP  - 253
EP  - 271
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_9200
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Ђукановић, Љиљана and Игњатовић, Душан",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Истраживање стамбеног фонда породичних кућа у Србији показује да са становишта енергетске ефикасности оне у великом проценту не одговарају савременим захтевима које прописује домаћа регулатива. Узимајући у обзир да је ромско становање одувек значајно одступало по стандардима комфора од просечног у Републици Србији, јасно је каква је очекивана слика постојећег стања стамбеног фонда Рома. Полазиште за анализу енергетских карактеристика ромских кућа представља њихова материјализација која у највећој мери одређује крајње ефекте не/постигнутих уштеда. У раду су анализиране четири зидане куће ромске популације и једна од лаких материјала, које илуструју типичне проблеме у материјализацији објеката, који се директно одражавају на укупне енергетске перформансе:  грађење  расположивим  материјалом,  комбиновање  различитих материјала у истом склопу, проблеми формирања спојева, заптивеност прозора и врата, изостанак термоизолационих материјала и финализирајућег слоја, про-блеми пробијања отвора у зидовима. Снимци термовизијском камером илуструју проблемска места и указују на недостатке у материјализацији објеката који су у највећој мери резултат грађења на нивоу структурног минимума., The analysis of Serbian family housing shows that in terms of energy efficiency the existing housing stock largely fails to comply with the current regulatory requirements and comfort standards. having in mind that Roma housing has always been well below average in the Republic of Serbia, the performance of the current Roma housing stock can easily be anticipated. The materialization of Roma houses is the starting point for this study, as it largely determines the final effects of (in)effective energy savings. The paper presents an analysis of four Roma houses built in solid materials (masonry) and one constructed from lightweight materials; they illustrate typical problems related to the materialization of buildings that affect the overall energy performance: using any available construction material, combining different materials within the same structure, joints, unsealed windows and doors, no thermal insulation nor finishing, problems of forming facade openings. Thermal camera images illustrate these problematic issues and point to the materialization flaws that are mainly a result of building at the very edge of the structural minimum.",
publisher = "Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности",
journal = "Становање Рома у Србији: стање и изазови",
booktitle = "Енергетске карактеристике ромских кућа, Energy Features of Roma Houses",
pages = "253-271",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_9200"
}

Ђукановић, Љ.,& Игњатовић, Д.. (2017). Енергетске карактеристике ромских кућа. in Становање Рома у Србији: стање и изазови
Београд : Српска академија наука и уметности., 253-271.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_9200

Ђукановић Љ, Игњатовић Д. Енергетске карактеристике ромских кућа. in Становање Рома у Србији: стање и изазови. 2017;:253-271.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_9200 .

Ђукановић, Љиљана, Игњатовић, Душан, "Енергетске карактеристике ромских кућа" in Становање Рома у Србији: стање и изазови (2017):253-271,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_dais_9200 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/486
AB  - Achieving the desired degree of energy efficiency in buildings has become an imperative of
nowadays construction.This requirement is set in relation to both new and existing buildings, in
order to reduce their energy consumption, but also to improve the overall comfort, especially
thermal, contributing in this way to a creation of a healthier place.
Measures that are applied in order to improve energy efficiency in buildings include various
interventions on its thermal envelope, which in the case of energy renovation of existing
residential buildings is not necessarily all-inclusive.The effectiveness of the measures
implemented to assess the appropriate calculation methodology of the energy required for
heating, as in the case of existing regulations in Serbia, implies that applied enhancement should
contribute to the improvement of their energy class for at least one energy rate. Such
improvement, especially in the case of larger buildings, could be achieved only by improving the
air-tightness of the existing windows, but their replacement with windows of high energy
performances is the most common measure in practice. However, without energy rehabilitation of
surrounding façade walls, such intervention could cause condensation along the peripheral,
insufficiently insulated, non-transparent structures. Thus, the positive effects of the improvement
measures could be questioned.
Taking into account the characteristics of the existing building stock in Serbia, typical situations
of existing contacts between the façade walls and the corresponding windows are simulated in
the paper, in relation to the risk of condensation and consequent potential users’ health problems.
PB  - Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture
C3  - Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]
T1  - Effects of window replacement on energy renovation of residential buildings - case of the Serbian building practice
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_486
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Radivojević, Ana and Rajčić, Aleksandar and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Achieving the desired degree of energy efficiency in buildings has become an imperative of
nowadays construction.This requirement is set in relation to both new and existing buildings, in
order to reduce their energy consumption, but also to improve the overall comfort, especially
thermal, contributing in this way to a creation of a healthier place.
Measures that are applied in order to improve energy efficiency in buildings include various
interventions on its thermal envelope, which in the case of energy renovation of existing
residential buildings is not necessarily all-inclusive.The effectiveness of the measures
implemented to assess the appropriate calculation methodology of the energy required for
heating, as in the case of existing regulations in Serbia, implies that applied enhancement should
contribute to the improvement of their energy class for at least one energy rate. Such
improvement, especially in the case of larger buildings, could be achieved only by improving the
air-tightness of the existing windows, but their replacement with windows of high energy
performances is the most common measure in practice. However, without energy rehabilitation of
surrounding façade walls, such intervention could cause condensation along the peripheral,
insufficiently insulated, non-transparent structures. Thus, the positive effects of the improvement
measures could be questioned.
Taking into account the characteristics of the existing building stock in Serbia, typical situations
of existing contacts between the façade walls and the corresponding windows are simulated in
the paper, in relation to the risk of condensation and consequent potential users’ health problems.",
publisher = "Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture",
journal = "Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]",
title = "Effects of window replacement on energy renovation of residential buildings - case of the Serbian building practice",
pages = "43-49",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_486"
}

Radivojević, A., Rajčić, A.,& Đukanović, L.. (2016). Effects of window replacement on energy renovation of residential buildings - case of the Serbian building practice. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]
Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture., 43-49.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_486

Radivojević A, Rajčić A, Đukanović L. Effects of window replacement on energy renovation of residential buildings - case of the Serbian building practice. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]. 2016;:43-49.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_486 .

Radivojević, Ana, Rajčić, Aleksandar, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Effects of window replacement on energy renovation of residential buildings - case of the Serbian building practice" in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade] (2016):43-49,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_486 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Jovanović Popović, Milica
AU  - Nedić, Miloš
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/485
AB  - By harmonizing national legislation to European codes concerning energy efficiency in building
sector, Serbia took commitment to improve energy efficiency of national government buildings.
Following the Directive 2012/27/EU principles, refurbishment of this part of building stock is
recognized as a leading example in long-term process of applying energy efficiency regulations at
national level. In this respect, both national and local authorities are expected to perform
systematization and current state assessment of respected building stock, followed by a proposal
for their energy refurbishment. Basic feature of this part of Serbian building stock is represented
by the fact that almost all buildings (from one occupied by central government, through localscale
administration buildings, to educational and medical care institutions) are made long before
thermal-protection regulations were introduced. That indicates overall divergence from adopted
codes and predefined standards in energy efficiency. On the other hand, these buildings are often
founded of high architectural value and protected as building heritage, what significantly reduces
possible options and energy refurbishment scenarios. Initial steps in implementation of adopted
energy efficiency principles were made in Serbia during 2015, when in cooperation of German
international cooperation organisation – GIZ and Faculty of Architecture from Belgrade, work has
started on assessment and energy certification of public buildings. First energy certificates
(energy passports) for public buildings in Serbia were issued, starting from three most valuable
buildings of national authorities: Government building, The National Assembly, and The Palace of
Serbia. At the same time, aiming to investigate their energy refurbishment potentials, technical
brochures are prepared, showing possible, code-related, options for further energy improvement
of buildings thermal envelope. This paper will present results obtained during energy-assessment
and energy-certification process of this particular buildings, showing at the same time their
specificity, that pretty much traces possible category and range of proposed energy
refurbishment scenarios.
PB  - Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture
C3  - Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]
T1  - Energy refurbishment of public buildings in Serbia
SP  - 27
EP  - 34
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_485
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Jovanović Popović, Milica and Nedić, Miloš and Đukanović, Ljiljana",
year = "2016",
abstract = "By harmonizing national legislation to European codes concerning energy efficiency in building
sector, Serbia took commitment to improve energy efficiency of national government buildings.
Following the Directive 2012/27/EU principles, refurbishment of this part of building stock is
recognized as a leading example in long-term process of applying energy efficiency regulations at
national level. In this respect, both national and local authorities are expected to perform
systematization and current state assessment of respected building stock, followed by a proposal
for their energy refurbishment. Basic feature of this part of Serbian building stock is represented
by the fact that almost all buildings (from one occupied by central government, through localscale
administration buildings, to educational and medical care institutions) are made long before
thermal-protection regulations were introduced. That indicates overall divergence from adopted
codes and predefined standards in energy efficiency. On the other hand, these buildings are often
founded of high architectural value and protected as building heritage, what significantly reduces
possible options and energy refurbishment scenarios. Initial steps in implementation of adopted
energy efficiency principles were made in Serbia during 2015, when in cooperation of German
international cooperation organisation – GIZ and Faculty of Architecture from Belgrade, work has
started on assessment and energy certification of public buildings. First energy certificates
(energy passports) for public buildings in Serbia were issued, starting from three most valuable
buildings of national authorities: Government building, The National Assembly, and The Palace of
Serbia. At the same time, aiming to investigate their energy refurbishment potentials, technical
brochures are prepared, showing possible, code-related, options for further energy improvement
of buildings thermal envelope. This paper will present results obtained during energy-assessment
and energy-certification process of this particular buildings, showing at the same time their
specificity, that pretty much traces possible category and range of proposed energy
refurbishment scenarios.",
publisher = "Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture",
journal = "Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]",
title = "Energy refurbishment of public buildings in Serbia",
pages = "27-34",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_485"
}

Jovanović Popović, M., Nedić, M.,& Đukanović, L.. (2016). Energy refurbishment of public buildings in Serbia. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]
Belgrade : University of Belgrade - Faculty of Architecture., 27-34.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_485

Jovanović Popović M, Nedić M, Đukanović L. Energy refurbishment of public buildings in Serbia. in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade]. 2016;:27-34.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_485 .

Jovanović Popović, Milica, Nedić, Miloš, Đukanović, Ljiljana, "Energy refurbishment of public buildings in Serbia" in Conference Proceedings [Elektronski izvor] / 3rd international Academic Conference on Places and Technologies, [14-15.04.2016, Belgrade] (2016):27-34,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_raf_485 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đukanović, Ljiljana
AU  - Radivojević, Ana
AU  - Rajčić, Aleksandar
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://raf.arh.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/231
AB  - After the new set of regulations related to the problem of energy efficiency of buildings has been adopted, energy efficiency became the primary issue of the present building practice in Serbia, referring both to new buildings and to existing ones, among which refurbishment of buildings built before the World War One requires a special attention. Multi-family houses from that time represent today about 1% of the total building stock. Rarity of the buildings of this age and their structures caused that a large number of them are listed as cultural heritage, so any intervention on them, including those which are the result of adjustment to modern needs and building rules, becomes especially sensitive and complex. In particular, this refers to energy improvement measures which, according to the new regulations, are an inevitable part of any building intervention. Having in mind all the mentioned aspects, and focussed on the relevant examples of multi-family houses from Belgrade dating before the World War One, the potentials and limitations for their energy refurbishment were investigated.
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
T2  - Energy and buildings
T1  - Potentials and limitations for energy refurbishment of multi-family residential buildings built in Belgrade before the World War One
VL  - 115
SP  - 112
EP  - 120
DO  - 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.047
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đukanović, Ljiljana and Radivojević, Ana and Rajčić, Aleksandar",
year = "2016",
abstract = "After the new set of regulations related to the problem of energy efficiency of buildings has been adopted, energy efficiency became the primary issue of the present building practice in Serbia, referring both to new buildings and to existing ones, among which refurbishment of buildings built before the World War One requires a special attention. Multi-family houses from that time represent today about 1% of the total building stock. Rarity of the buildings of this age and their structures caused that a large number of them are listed as cultural heritage, so any intervention on them, including those which are the result of adjustment to modern needs and building rules, becomes especially sensitive and complex. In particular, this refers to energy improvement measures which, according to the new regulations, are an inevitable part of any building intervention. Having in mind all the mentioned aspects, and focussed on the relevant examples of multi-family houses from Belgrade dating before the World War One, the potentials and limitations for their energy refurbishment were investigated.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
journal = "Energy and buildings",
title = "Potentials and limitations for energy refurbishment of multi-family residential buildings built in Belgrade before the World War One",
volume = "115",
pages = "112-120",
doi = "10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.047"
}

Đukanović, L., Radivojević, A.,& Rajčić, A.. (2016). Potentials and limitations for energy refurbishment of multi-family residential buildings built in Belgrade before the World War One. in Energy and buildings
Elsevier Ltd., 115, 112-120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.047

Đukanović L, Radivojević A, Rajčić A. Potentials and limitations for energy refurbishment of multi-family residential buildings built in Belgrade before the World War One. in Energy and buildings. 2016;115:112-120.
doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.047 .

Đukanović, Ljiljana, Radivojević, Ana, Rajčić, Aleksandar, "Potentials and limitations for energy refurbishment of multi-family residential buildings built in Belgrade before the World War One" in Energy and buildings, 115 (2016):112-120,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.047 . .