Reshaping approaches of architectural heritage devastated through bombing: case study of Generalštab, Belgrade

Abstract

The main objective of the research is to demonstrate the possible approaches to treatment of architectural heritage largely destroyed by bombardment, particularly to give an alternative method in reconstruction of bombarded urban landmarks, in regards to negative emotional attachment (detachment or alienation). The background research is based on the essential theories and studies connected to the treatment of bombarded places and war architecture, architecture of ruins, memory, identity, and emotional attachment, refecting on reconstruction, conservation, and revitalisation methods. The hypothesis of the research is that the emotional attachment defnes place identity. The paper focuses on the case study of the bombarded urban landmark of Generalštab complex in Belgrade. Using a questionnaire which involved 235 respondents, a relationship was established between the citizens of Belgrade and the Generalštab complex. The questionnaire gathered information on (1) recognisability, values, and signifcance, (2) emotional connection, and (3) citizens’ attitudes to possible approaches on the treatment of the Generalštab in the future. Finally, as a result of comprehensive analysis, the paper proposes one of the potential architectural approaches towards Generalštab complex, which is in line with the principles of the profession, but also the citizens’ attitudes and the needs of the City of Belgrade. Overall, the research aims to show the complexity of the observed topics, as well as an attempt to raise and develop the awareness about the importance and value of the bombarded architectural heritage.