An Approach to Designing Architectural Structures Using 3D Graphic Statics

Abstract

Graphic statics is a well-established method for designing diverse typologies of architectural structures. Although this method has been in use since the 19th century, the advent of digital technologies contributed to its current, more widespread usage. This paper presents the application of 3D graphic statics for finding structural forms. Parametric design tools based on 3D graphic statics for explorations in a generative design process was employed. The explorations were implemented by the 3D Graphic Statics plugin developed for Grasshopper visual programming editor for the commercial computer-aided design (CAD) system Rhinoceros, commonly used by architects. The design outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the approach based on geometrical operation for designing efficient structural forms composed of elements in perfect geometrical equilibrium with external forces. Furthermore, graphical methods are intuitive and facilitate rapid statical calculations in the conceptual stage of the architectural design process. Moreover, the description of the design approach also allows for reflection on its methods, outcomes, and the interactions of designers with design tools throughout the design process. Finally, this study informs architects about the increasingly sophisticated design tools made available by digital technology to support architectural design and how these tools compare to older design mediums.