Public buildings architecture built in Belgrade between 1868 until 1900 -part two-

Abstract

In the second part of this paper subject is analysing of basic characteristics of public buildings built in the last two decades of 19th century. Depression in building at the end of seventies was overrun at the beginning of eighties, when after aclamation of kingdom, Serbian architecture enter a new phase of development. Fast economic advance of country, caused more representative and rich architecture which portrayed general prosperity of country. More rich decorative modeling was support by development of build and craft technique, and easier bringing of various builder materials. In eighties we can see complete authors devotion to European historic styles architecture. Thanks to the new generation of authors, educated in Budapest, Vienna, Zurich and Berlin Serbian architecture crossover differences of their European surrounding. During nineties of 19th century new changes are appearing in modeling of public edifices. In academic conception were brought in some unconsequences and unleash, which reflected a fact that at the same time worked few generations of architects who were representatives of diferent European academic schools. Changes were under the strong influence of a new European centers, at first German architecture, who brought architects educated in Munich, Achen, Carlsruhe and Berlin. Their opinion reflected general Middle European style stream, but between them were significant differences. Some authors followed academic principles more strictly, but others were expressing more a spirit of romanticism. A lot of them nurse both styles, combining them and playing with elements of both styles. They prepared ground for a new young generation, who will, at the beginning of a new century, follow in generally development of earlier period, but more under the influence of modern streams, who appeared in European architecture at the end of 19th century.

U drugom delu rada analizirana su osnovna obeležja arhitekture građevina javnih namena izgrađenih poslednje decenije 19. veka. Zastoj u građevinarstvu sa kraja sedamdesetih godina prevaziđen je početkom osamdesetih godina, kada, nakon proglašenja kraljevine, srpska arhitektura ulazi u novu etapu razvoja. Ubrzani ekonomski napredak zemlje uslovio je razvoj reprezentativnije i bogatije arhitekture koja je oslikavala opšti napredak zemlje. Bogatiju dekorativnu obradu omogućilo je i unapređenje tehnika izrade i građevinskog zanatstva, kao i lakša nabavka raznovrsnog građevinskog materijala. Osamdesetih godina uočava se potpuna privrženost autora evropskoj akademskoj arhitekturi istorijskih stilova. Zahvaljujući novoj generaciji autora, školovanih u Pešti, Beču, Cirihu i Berlinu srpska arhitektura je prevazišla razlike u odnosu na evropsko okruženje. Tokom devedesetih godina 19. veka dolazi do novih promena u oblikovanju javnih zdanja. U akademsku koncepciju su unete izvesno nedoslednost i nesputanost, što je bio odraz činjenice da je istovremeno delovalo više generacija graditelja, koji su zastupali vremenski i idejno različite evropske škole akademizma. Promene su prouzrokovane i jačanjem uticaja drugih evropskih centara, prvenstveno tadašnje nemačke arhitekture, koju su doneli arhitekti školovani u Minhenu, Ahenu, Karlsrueu i Berlinu. Njihova shvatanja su odražavala opšta srednjoevropska stilska kretanja, ali su se uočavale i značajne razlike između pojedinih autora. Pojedini autori su doslednije sledili akademske principe, dok su drugi više izražavali romantičarski duh. Mnogi autori su u svojim delima negovali oba shvatanja, kombinujući i preplićući njihove elemente. Oni su pripremili atmosferu za novu mladu generaciju koja će početkom novog veka slediti u glavnim crtama razvoj ranijeg perioda, ali sa većim uticajem „modernih" pravaca, koji su se pojavili u evropskoj arhitekturi krajem 19. veka.